Charles Murray (author and diplomat)

Sir Charles Augustus Murray (22 November 1806 – 3 June 1895) was a British author and diplomat.

Sir Charles Augustus Murray
Charles Augustus Murray c. 1851
Born	(1806-11-02)2 November 1806
Died	3 June 1895(1895-06-03) (aged 88)
Occupation	Author and diplomat
Language	English
Nationality	British
Education	Eton College
Alma mater	University of Oxford
Period	1839-1844
Subject	Travel
Notable works	Travels in North America, The Prairie-Bird
Spouse	Elizabeth Wadsworth, the Honourable Edith Susan Esther FitzPatrick
Relatives	George Murray, 5th Earl of Dunmore

Early life

Murray was the second son of George Murray, 5th Earl of Dunmore, and his mother was the daughter of Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton. He was educated at Eton College and Oriel College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1824, and graduated B.A. in 1827.[1]

Murray spent several years travelling across Europe and America from 1835 and 1838, including several months with a Pawnee tribe in 1835. He described his experiences in his popular book Travels in North America (1839). There he fell in love with Elizabeth (Elise) Wadsworth, daughter of James Wadsworth who disapproved. He attempted to remain in the United States as Secretary of the British Legation, but failed to obtain the position. He returned to England, and wrote of his experiences in a novel, The Prairie-Bird (1844).[2]

On three occasions Murray stood as a Member of Parliament, but was unsuccessful each time. He obtained a position, from 1838 to 1844, as Master of the Household in the Court of the young Queen Victoria. He was removed in the Household reforms initiated by Albert, Prince Consort.[2]

Diplomatic career

Murray then became a diplomat in Naples. He was consul-general in Egypt from 1846 to 1853,[3] on good terms with the Ottoman Viceroy, Mehmet Ali Pasha.[2] While stationed there, he arranged the transport of Obaysch the hippopotamus to England in 1850. Obaysch was the first hippopotamus in England since prehistoric times, and the first in Europe since Roman times. For this later feat, and his clear affection for the beast at London Zoo, he was nicknamed "Hippopotamus Murray". He also pushed forward the construction of the railway to Alexandria.

From 1853, Murray was for one year Minister Plenipotentiary to the Swiss Confederation.[4] He was then appointed British ambassador to the Court of the Shah of Persia in 1854.[2][5] The Shah, Nasser al-Din Shah, and Murray disliked each other immediately. Murray's heavy-handed attitude inflamed an existing dispute over Hashim Khan, one of the Shah's bodyguards and an officer in the Persian army, who took up a position as secretary in the British embassy against the wishes of the Shah and his prime minister. Hashim Khan's wife was the subject of widespread gossip relating to Murray and his predecessor as ambassador; she was also a sister of the Shah's principal wife, so the scandal was political dynamite. Hashim Khan's wife was taken into custody by her brother on 14 November 1855, to defend her honour. Murray took this as an insult to the British legation; after demanding her release, Murray broke off diplomatic relations on 20 November. Anglo-Persian relations were already strained as the young Shah sought to annex the city of Herat, a goal which had eluded the Qajar dynasty previously; and Britain for its part sought to deny such control, lest the city, considered the "Key to India," fall under the influence of Persia's patron, Russia. Murray's departure marked a break in Anglo-Persian relations and thus contributed to the outbreak of the Anglo-Persian War of 1856/7. After the war, Murray remained ambassador until 1859. He became a member of the Privy Council in 1875.

Elise Wadsworth by Thomas Sully

Family

Elizabeth Wadsworth's father James Wadsworth died in 1844, and Murray married her on 12 December 1850 during a visit to Scotland. She died in childbirth in Cairo, Egypt on 8 December 1851, but their son Charles James Murray survived.[2] Murray married a second time, on 1 November 1862, to the Honourable Edith Susan Esther FitzPatrick, daughter of John FitzPatrick, 1st Baron Castletown.

• 
  Sir Charles Murray
• 
  Elise Wadsworth, Sir Murray's first wife
• 
  Edith Susan Esther FitzPatrick, Sir Murray's second wife
• 
  Sir Charles Murray, 56 years old
• 
  Sir Charles Murray in later years

References

1. Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). "Murray, Hon. (Sir) Charles Augustus" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
2. Matthew, H. C. G. "Murray, Sir Charles Augustus". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19596. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
3. "No. 20609". The London Gazette. 29 May 1846. p. 1981.
4. "No. 21411". The London Gazette. 15 February 1853. p. 407.
5. "No. 21594". The London Gazette. 15 September 1854. p. 2833.

External links

• Works by Charles Murray at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Charles Murray at Internet Archive

• My wife, please?, on the causes of the Anglo-Persian War of 1856

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Andrew Buchanan	Minister Plenipotentiary to the Swiss Confederation 1853–1854	Succeeded by George John Robert Gordon
Preceded by Sir William Taylour Thomson (chargé d'affaires)	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Shah of Persia 1854–1858	Succeeded by Sir Henry Rawlinson
Preceded by Augustus Paget	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the King of Saxony 1859–1866	Succeeded by John Lumley