Charles Edward Wallis

Charles Edward Wallis (26 March 1869 – 4 January 1927), otherwise known as the 'father' of the London School Dental Service, was a physician and dental surgeon in London in the early 20th century. As one of the first assistant medical officers to London County Council, his research led to the establishment of a school dental treatment service and an improvement in child welfare.

Charles Edward Wallis MRCS LRCP LDS
Born	26 March 1869 Lambeth, London, England
Died	4 January 1927
Nationality	British
Education	Dental Hospital of London King's College Hospital
Occupation	physician, dentist
Organisation	British Dental Association
Known for	Dental health of children

He was an active member of the British Dental Association (BDA) and a keen historian of medicine, participating in the activities of the Royal Society of Medicine's (RSM) History of Medicine Section, later renamed society.

Between his medical and dental training, Wallis took up a post as a ship’s surgeon, a position he pursued again later to travel much of the world and learn dental procedures. He was particularly skilled in the bilateral molar extraction before the use of local anaesthetic.

As a King's College Hospital dental surgeon, Wallis also published extensively in the British Dental Journal, ultimately being an important part of its editorial board.

His legacy is honoured through a fund left by his brother to the RSM.

Early life

Charles Edward Wallis was born on 26 March 1869 in Lambeth, his mother being called Fanny Margaret and his father, Augustus Wallis, an insurance clerk. His early education was at Bedford Grammar School, following which he gained the conjoint medical diploma from Kings College Hospital in 1894.[1]

Early medical career

Union-Castle liner SS Garth Castle, built in Glasgow in 1920 and scrapped in 1939.[2]

Wallis became a ship's surgeon on the Royal Microscopical Society's RMS Garth Castle (Union-Castle Line), after fulfilling two house appointments. Later, he would use vacations to travel to Canada, the United States, South Africa and the Antarctic[3] and learn new dental techniques. Subsequently, he went to study in Paris and then again in London.[1]

At one time, Wallis was Joseph Lister's dresser (assistant).[4]

Dental career

Journal of British Dental Association, retaining previous title Monthly review of Dental Surgery.

In 1897, he gained the Licentiate in Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England from the Dental Hospital of London,[1] later named the Royal Dental Hospital which subsequently merged with Guy's Dental School and became the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals.[5] Wallis then set up practice in Queen Anne Street, London and joined the BDA where he remained an active member for 22 years. He wrote extensively for the British Dental Journal from 1908 to 1919 and became chairman of its editorial board from 1914. In 1899, Wallis was appointed dental assistant at KCH and subsequently took over from Professor Swayne Underwood as dental surgeon in 1911.[1]

In 1905, Wallis was appointed assistant medical officer to the London County Council. Wallis was mainly responsible for the formation of its school dental service.[1]

Children’s dental hygiene

Prior to the advent of local anaesthesia, Wallis would perform the bilateral molar extraction by simultaneously pulling out the two teeth whilst an assistant held the head. This avoided experiencing pain twice.[6]

In addition to his concern with dental health, as an assistant medical officer to the London County Council, Wallis maintained his overall interest in child welfare.[7]

History of medicine

Wallis was interested in archaeology and history. Writing extensively on the history of dentistry and sitting next to Lilian Lindsay at meetings, Wallis spent a considerable time with activities related to the history of medicine section at the Royal Society of Medicine in Wimpole Street, London.[1]

He was considered expert in the histories of Paris and London and published on dentistry in ancient times.[1]

Legacy

Wallis died at the age of 59 years in King’s College hospital on Tuesday 4 January 1927[8] from bronchopneumonia. He left with his writing an unfinished history of Harley Street. His brother, Ferdinand bestowed a C.E Wallis prize in preventive dentistry for undergraduates at King’s.[1] Ferdinand Wallis also presented the RSM with £100 to establish a ‘CE Wallis Lecture’ on the history of dentistry in memory of his brother.[9] This is jointly arranged by the odontology section of the RSM and the history of medicine society and is given every 5 years.[10] It was emphasised that the lecturer must be a fluent and interesting speaker and should provide “illustrations such as lantern slides”. The first person given the honour of presenting the memorial lecture was Lilian Lindsay. She remembered Wallis as a personal friend who sat next to her at meetings of the History of Medicine Section at the RSM. Other notable speakers have included W. Fraser-Moodie in 1971,[11] J. R. Garrett in 1975,[12] Frank Colyer, Zachary Cope[10] and Stanley Gelbier.[1]

Tributes have continued through to 2017 with Malcolm Bishop recalling how Wallis was a model mover and shaker of his time. Previously, John Davy Rolleston had prepared a special reference to Wallis in Philadelphia in 1926, at the 7th International Dental Congress called 'Recollections of Lister'. Following Wallis's death, Dr E Graham Little MP, honoured a lecture on the 'Art of War' which Wallis had centred on the Latin text De Re Militari (Concerning Military Matters). Lilian Lindsay commented how "his retentive memory provided material for his entertainment of children whom he delighted with his stories and recitations".[7]

Ultimately, the most important legacy he leaves is the formation of the school dental service.[1]

List of past C. E. Wallis lectures

Past lectures and speakers include:

Years	Name	Lecture title	Comments	Image
1933	Lilian Lindsay[9]	The Sun, the Tooth drawer and the Saint
1938	Sir Frank Colyer[9]	Old Instruments for the Extraction of Teeth
1944	John Davy Rolleston[9]	The Folk-lore of Toothache
1949	Frederic Nicklin Doubleday[9]	The Contribution of King’s College, London to the science of dentistry
1954	Humphrey Humphreys[9]	Dental Operations Practised in Primitive Communities
1959	Ronald A. Cohen[9]	Methods and Materials Used for Artificial Teeth
1964	Zachary Cope[9]	The Making of the Dental Profession in Britain
1970	W Fraser-Moodie[9]	Struggle against Infection
1975	John R Garrett[9]	Changing Attitudes on Salivary Secretion – A Short History on Spit
1981	J Archie Donaldson[9]	The Life and Times of Sidney Spokes
1984	J T Blackwood[9]	A New Look at the Use of Analgesics in Dentistry
1990	Bertram Cohen[9]	Observation, induction and deduction – John Hunter, Pathologist
1994	Gordon Seward[9]	The Elephant Man
1999	Caroline Grigson[9]	John Hunter’s London
2006	Stanley Gelbier[9]	Peripatetic Dentistry: An Out of Surgery Experience
2011	Adrian Padfield[9]	Fifty Years of Dental Chair Anaesthesia and Mortality
2017	Malcolm Bishop[10]	The ebb and flow of ethical governance in a medical sub-specialty: Dentistry in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries

Selected publications

• An atlas of dental extractions with notes on the causes and relief of dental pain: designed for the use of medical students and practitioners. J. & A. Churchill, London, 1909.

References

1. Gelbier, Stanley; Randall, Sheila (1982). "Charles Edward Wallis and the rise of London's school dental service". Medical History. 26 (4): 395–404. doi:10.1017/s0025727300041818. PMC 1139219. PMID 6757599.
2. "Garth Castle (ship)". rosettadel.slq.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
3. Who's who: Charles Edward Wallis. A. & C. Black. 1920.
4. Rolleston, J D. "Introduction to his C E Wallis Memorial Lecture, 'The Folk-lore of Toothache'" (PDF). Br Dent J. 78: 225–230.
5. "Lost_Hospitals_of_London". ezitis.myzen.co.uk. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
6. Humphreys, Humphrey (May 1954). "Dental Operations Practised in Primitive Communities". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 47 (5): 313–316. doi:10.1177/003591575404700502. ISSN 0035-9157. PMC 1918861. PMID 13167042.
7. Lindsay, Lilian (1933). "The Sun, the Toothdrawer and the Saint". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 26 (10): 1377–1388. doi:10.1177/003591573302601059. ISSN 0035-9157. PMC 2204418. PMID 19989478.
8. Dental Magazine. 44. 1927.
9. Gelbier, Stanley and Papworth, Julie "Malcolm Bishop and the CE Wallis Lecture at the Royal Society of Medicine". Dental Historian. Vol. 63, No. 2 (2018), pp. 52-55.
10. "CE Wallis lecture given by Mr Malcolm Bishop". www.rsm.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
11. Fraser-Moodie, W (1 January 1971). "C E Wallis Lecture: Struggle against Infection". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 64 (1): 87–94. doi:10.1177/003591577106400152. ISSN 0035-9157. PMC 1811953. PMID 4927966.
12. J. R. Garrett. "Changing Attitudes on Salivary Secretion - A Short History on Spit". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. Section of the History of Medicine with Section of Odontology. Vol. 68, No. 2 (September 1975), pp. 553-560.