Charaxes smaragdalis
Charaxes smaragdalis, the western blue charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Senegal to Somalia, from Angola to Kenya and from Sudan to Egypt. Its habitat is dry forest areas.[1]
| Charaxes smaragdalis | |
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Charaxes |
| Species: | C. smaragdalis |
| Binomial name | |
| Charaxes smaragdalis Butler, [1866] | |
| Synonyms | |
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The butterfly's wingspan is 85 to 100 mm. Adults are black with white and blue bands and spots. The hindwings each have two little tails.[2]
Figure 5
Description
See External links for the original description by Arthur Gardiner Butler published in 1866 in The Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London.
Taxonomy
Charaxes tiridates group.
The supposed clade members are:
- Charaxes tiridates
- Charaxes numenes - similar to next
- Charaxes bipunctatus - similar to last
- Charaxes violetta
- Charaxes fuscus
- Charaxes mixtus
- Charaxes bubastis
- Charaxes albimaculatus
- Charaxes barnsi
- Charaxes bohemani
- Charaxes schoutedeni
- Charaxes monteiri
- Charaxes smaragdalis
- Charaxes xiphares
- Charaxes cithaeron
- Charaxes nandina
- Charaxes imperialis
- Charaxes ameliae
- Charaxes pythodoris
- ? Charaxes overlaeti
For a full list see Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013.[3]
Subspecies
- C. s. smaragdalis (Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Congo, Zaire) [4]
- C. s. butleri Rothschild, 1900 (Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Liberia) [5]
- C. s. caerulea Carpenter & Jackson, 1950 (eastern Zaire, south-western Uganda)[6]
- C. s. elgonae van Someren, 1964 (Uganda)[6]
- C. s. gobyae Plantrou, 1988 (south-eastern Sudan)[6]
- C. s. kagera van Someren, 1964 (north-western Tanzania, south-western Uganda)[6]
- C. s. kigoma van Someren, 1964 (Tanzania)[6]
- C. s. leopoldi Ghesquière, 1933 (northern Angola, eastern Congo, south-western Zaire)[6]
- C. s. metu van Someren, 1964 (south-western Sudan, northern Uganda)[6]
- C. s. toro van Someren, 1964 (western Uganda)[6]
- C. s. allardi Bouyer & Vingerhoedt, 1997 [6]
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References
- Frankenbach, B. Turlin; [editors:] Erich Bauer, Thomas (2007). Butterflies of the World. Goecke & Evers. p. iv. ISBN 9783937783321.
- "ButterflyCorner.net: Charaxes smaragdalis (Western Blue Charaxes)". en.butterflycorner.net. Retrieved 2017-07-27.
- "African Charaxes/Charaxes Africains Eric Vingerhoedt, 2013". Archived from the original on 2013-06-27.
- "Charaxes smaragdalis smaragdalis". African Butterfly Database. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- "Charaxes smaragdalis butleri". African Butterfly Database. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- "African Butterfly Database". African Butterfly Database. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
- Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 31
- Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1964 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)181-235.
- Van Someren, 1969 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)75-166. Additional notes
External links
- Original description
- Images of C. s. allardi Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. s. caerulea (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. s. kagera (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. s. kigoma (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. s. leopoldi (Albertine Rift Project)
- Images of C. s. smaragdalis (Albertine Rift Project)
- "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
- Charaxes smaragdalis images at Bold
- C. s. allardi images at BOLD
- C. s. butleri images at BOLD
- C. s. caerulea images at BOLD includes verso
- C. s. elgonae images at BOLD
- C. s. homonymus images at BOLD
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