Chakradhar Singh

Raja Chakradhar Singh Bahadur (19 August 1905[1] −7 October 1947[2]) was the Raja of Raigarh and Chief of Bargarh ruled by Gond dynasty. He was the ruler of Princely state of Raigarh from 1924 till his death in 1947. He was son of Raja Bhup Deo Singh, who died in 1917.[3]

Chakradhar Singh
Raja, Raja Bahadur
Reign1924 – 1947
PredecessorRaja Natwar Singh
SuccessorLalit Kumar Singh
Born(1905-08-19)19 August 1905
Died7 October 1947(1947-10-07) (aged 42)
FatherRaja Bhup Deo Singh of Raigarh

Early life

He completed his education from Rajkumar College, Raipur.[4] He succeeded to throne of Raigrah upon death of his elder brother, Raja Natwar Singh in 1924. The government management however continued till 1927 when Raja was invested with powers.[1][3][5][5][6] [7]

Music

He was a great patron of Indian arts, classical dance, music invited to his capital music and dance-experts from different parts of the country. His contribution has been important in the development of the classical form of Kathak. During the reign of Raja Chakradhar Singh, experts of both the gharanas, namely, Jaipur and Lucknow gained prominent positions and were patronised by him.[8][9] Even experts from Benaras gharna were in his court.[9] The Raigarh Gharana of Kathak was established by him during his reign, which produced many luminaries, dancers, singers and musicians due to his patronage and philanthropy.[2][10][11] Among the noted Kathak exponents to have served his court were Pandit Jaggannath Prasad of Jaipur Gharana and Guru Kalaka Prasad and his sons of Lucknow Gharana.[4] He invented a new dance form by mixing different dance forms, which led to foundation of Raigarh Gharana.[4] Raigarh Gharana thus founded by Raja Chakradhar Singh, although the youngest of all gharanas, has its own compositions of thumris, ghazals, todas and bols which are unique in themselves.[1][9]

Chakradhar Singh was himself a great exponent of tabla and pakhawaj.[2] He was himself also a good dancer and musician. His patronage extended to all dancers irrespective of their gharana.[12] His name is often taken with Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh as a patron of classical Indian dance and music, especially with respect to Kathak dance and Hindustani classical music.[1][10][12][13] Among the dancers and musicians to have performed or served his court were Pandit Makhan Lal Chaturvedi, Dr. Ramkumar Verma, Pandit Mahaveer Prasad Dwivedi, Pandit Padumlal Punnalal Bakshi. Even Sanskrit language writers like Pandit Sadashiv Das, Pandit Sharda Prasad, Pandit Kashi Dutt Jha served him, through them he translated a lot of music and dance literature in Sanskrit.[4]

In 1938, Chakradhar Singh headed the first All India Music Conference held at Allahbad.[4] In this conference Chakradhar Singh went with his team of 60 artists.[4] In 1939, the conference organised a welcome party for Viceroy of India, where Kathak dancer Karthik Kalyan presented the dance and was assisted by Chakradhar Singh, who played Tabla.[4] He was given title of Sangit Samrat - (King of Music) by the Viceroy Lord Linlithgow at this conference. In 1943 conference at Khairagarh, he again played tabla for the dance performance of Kalyan Das.[4]

He had a very good knowledge of Hindi, Sanskrit, Urdu and Oriya and has written several books on Indian traditional music like [4]

  • Alkapuri Tilasmi
  • Bairagadiya Rajkumar
  • Joshe Pharhad
  • Kavya Kanan
  • Mayachakra
  • Moorj Paran Pushpakar
  • Mriganayni
  • Nartan Sarwasya
  • Nigare Pharhad
  • Prem ke Teer
  • Raag Ratna Manjusha
  • Ramyaras
  • Ratnahar
  • Taal Toynidhi
  • Taalbal Pushpakar

Death

Raja Chakaradhar Singh died on 7 October 1947[1][2] just after independence of India. After his death, Lalit Kumar Singh, his son succeeded him to the throne of Raigarh and ruled briefly before the Raigarh State was merged into Union of India on 14 December 1947.[14]

The princely states of Jashpur, Raigarh, Sakti, Sarangarh and Udaipur were united later to form the Raigarh district.[14][15]

His second son Surendra Kumar Singh was also a politician from Indian National Congress like Raja Lalit Kumar Singh.

Legacy

There is a music academy established after him, as his memorial at Raigarh.[4]

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References
  1. Raigarh darbar by P. D. Ashirwadam Agam Kala Prakashan, 1990 On the contribution of Chakradhar Singh, Raja of Raigarh, 1905–1947, to Kathak dance and Hindustani music.
  2. The India Magazine of Her People and Culture by A. H. Advani- Volume 6 – 1985– Page 250 October 7, 1947, was a sad day for the artistes, art lovers and the people of Raigarh. Raja Chakradhar Singh died suddenly and the haven of music he created came to a standstill leaving everyone bereft
  3. Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey edited by Arnold Wright. 1922. pp. 625–626.
  4. "King Chakradhar Singh". Raigarh district, Official website. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  5. Memoranda on the Indian States 1939– Page 118
  6. Report on the Administration of the Feudatory States of the Central Provinces 1921 pp:37–38
  7. Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Volume 100 by S. S. Shashi. Anmol Prakashan. 1996. p. 6.
  8. Indian Dance: The Ultimate Metaphor by Shanta Serbjeet Singh – 2000 – Page 64
  9. "Kathak fusion leaves audience mesmerized". Times of India. 28 October 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  10. Kathak, Indian Classical Dance Art By Sunil Kothari. 1989. pp. 70–73.
  11. The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras – Volume 62 -1991 – Page 157
  12. India's Kathak Dance Past, Present, Future: – Page 28
  13. Classical and Folk Dances of India 1963– Page 77
  14. Publication by Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics – 1973– Issue 61 – Page 346
  15. India Today 1992– Page 74
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