Acremonium

Acremonium is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as Cephalosporium.

Acremonium
Plate culture of Acremonium falciforme
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Order:
Hypocreales
Family:
Hypocreaceae
Genus:
Acremonium

Link (1809)
Type species
Acremonium alternatum
Link (1809)
Synonyms

Cephalosporium

Description

Acremonium species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and produce mostly simple phialides. Their conidia are usually one-celled (i.e. ameroconidia), hyaline or pigmented, globose to cylindrical, and mostly aggregated in slimy heads at the apex of each phialide.

Epichloë species are closely related and were once included in Acremonium,[1] but were later split off into a new genus Neotyphodium,[2] which has now been restructured within the genus Epichloë.[3]


Clinical significance

The genus Acremonium contains about 100 species, of which most are saprophytic, being isolated from dead plant material and soil. Many species are recognized as opportunistic pathogens of man and animals, causing eumycetoma, onychomycosis, and hyalohyphomycosis. Infections of humans by fungi of this genus are rare,[4] but clinical manifestations of hyalohyphomycosis caused by Acremonium may include arthritis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, cerebritis, and subcutaneous infection.[5]

The cephalosporins, a class of β-lactam antibiotics, were derived from Acremonium. It was first isolated as an antibiotic by the Italian pharmacologist Giuseppe Brotzu in 1948.

Species
  • Acremonium acutatum[6]
  • Acremonium alabamense[6]
  • Acremonium alcalophilum[6]
  • Acremonium alternatum[6]
  • Acremonium antarcticum[6]
  • Acremonium apii[6]
  • Acremonium arxii[6]
  • Acremonium atrogriseum[6]
  • Acremonium bacillisporum[6]
  • Acremonium bactrocephalum[6]
  • Acremonium biseptum[6]
  • Acremonium blochii[6]
  • Acremonium borodinense[6]
  • Acremonium brachypenium[6]
  • Acremonium breve[6]
  • Acremonium brunnescens[6]
  • Acremonium byssoides[6]
  • Acremonium camptosporum[6]
  • Acremonium cavaraeanum[6]
  • Acremonium charticola[6]
  • Acremonium chilense
  • Acremonium chrysogenum[6]
  • Acremonium crotocinigenum[6]
  • Acremonium cucurbitacearum[6]
  • Acremonium curvulum[6]
  • Acremonium cymosum[6]
  • Acremonium dichromosporum[6]
  • Acremonium diospyri[6]
  • Acremonium domschii[6]
  • Acremonium egyptiacum[6]
  • Acremonium exiguum[6]
  • Acremonium falciforme[6]
  • Acremonium flavum[6]
  • Acremonium furcatum[6]
  • Acremonium fusidioides[6]
  • Acremonium fusisporum[6]
  • Acremonium gamsii[6]
  • Acremonium glaucum[6]
  • Acremonium guillematii[6]
  • Acremonium hansfordii[6]
  • Acremonium hennebertii[6]
  • Acremonium hyalinulum[6]
  • Acremonium hypholomatis[6]
  • Acremonium implicatum[6]
  • Acremonium incoloratum[6]
  • Acremonium incrustatum[6]
  • Acremonium kiliense[6]
  • Acremonium lichenicola[6]
  • Acremonium lindtneri[6]
  • Acremonium lolii[6]
  • Acremonium longisporum[6]
  • Acremonium masseei[6]
  • Acremonium minutisporum[6]
  • Acremonium nectrioidea[6]
  • Acremonium nepalense[6]
  • Acremonium nigrosclerotium[6]
  • Acremonium ochraceum[6]
  • Acremonium olidum[6]
  • Acremonium persicinum[6]
  • Acremonium pinkertoniae[6]
  • Acremonium polychromum[6]
  • Acremonium potronii[6]
  • Acremonium psammosporum[6]
  • Acremonium pseudozeylanicum[6]
  • Acremonium psychrophilum[6]
  • Acremonium pteridii[6]
  • Acremonium radiatum[6]
  • Acremonium recifei[6]
  • Acremonium restrictum[6]
  • Acremonium rhabdosporum[6]
  • Acremonium roseogriseum[6]
  • Acremonium roseolum[6]
  • Acremonium rutilum[6]
  • Acremonium salmoneum[6]
  • Acremonium sclerotigenum[6]
  • Acremonium sordidulum[6]
  • Acremonium spicatum[6]
  • Acremonium spinosum[6]
  • Acremonium strictum[6]
  • Acremonium stromaticum[6]
  • Acremonium tectonae[6]
  • Acremonium thermophilum[6]
  • Acremonium tsugae[6]
  • Acremonium tubakii[6]
  • Acremonium typhinum[6]
  • Acremonium uncinatum[6]
  • Acremonium verruculosum[6]
  • Acremonium vitellinum[6]
  • Acremonium zeae[6]
  • Acremonium zeylanicum[6]
  • Acremonium zonatum[6]
gollark: Idea: Hunting for rares while everyone is distracted with holiday hype.
gollark: No, but I can probably grab one.
gollark: The pumpkin?
gollark: *is interested in API-coded whatever*
gollark: I only have 7 reds left. This is disastrous.

See also

References
  1. Morgan-Jones, G.; Gams, W. (1982). "Notes on hyphomycetes. XLI. An endophyte of Festuca arundinacea and the anamorph of Epichloe typhina, new taxa in one of two new sections of Acremonium". Mycotaxon. 15: 311–318. ISSN 0093-4666.
  2. Glenn AE, Bacon CW, Price R, Hanlin RT (1996). "Molecular phylogeny of Acremonium and its taxonomic implications" (PDF). Mycologia. 88 (3): 369–383. doi:10.2307/3760878. JSTOR 3760878.
  3. Leuchtmann, A.; Bacon, C. W.; Schardl, C. L.; White, J. F.; Tadych, M. (2014). "Nomenclatural realignment of Neotyphodium species with genus Epichloë" (PDF). Mycologia. 106 (2): 202–215. doi:10.3852/13-251. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 24459125. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
  4. Fincher, RM; Fisher, JF; Lovell, RD; Newman, CL; Espinel-Ingroff, A; Shadomy, HJ (November 1991). "Infection due to the fungus Acremonium (cephalosporium)". Medicine. 70 (6): 398–409. doi:10.1097/00005792-199111000-00005. PMID 1956281.
  5. Kiwan, Elias N.; Anaissie, Elias J. "Hyalohyphomycosis (Acremonium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium and Others)". Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  6. "Acremonium". Encyclopedia of Life.
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