Cathedral Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania)

The Cathedral Church of the Nativity is an Episcopal cathedral in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Bethlehem. In 1988 it was listed as a contributing property in the Fountain Hill Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.

Interior, 2020

Interior, 2020

The Cathedral Church of the Nativity
Location	321 Wyandotte St. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Country	United States
Denomination	Episcopal Church in the United States of America
Website	www.nativitycathedral.org
History
Former name(s)	1865, Church of the Nativity; 1900, Pro-Cathedral Church of the Nativity; 1944, Cathedral Church of the Nativity
Founded	November 8, 1862
Founder(s)	William Heysham Sayre
Consecrated	April 19, 1865 & November 1, 1888
Architecture
Architect(s)	E.T. Potter (1865 building, current transepts) E.M. Burns (1887 nave & apse)
Architectural type	English Gothic Revival
Style	Gothic Revival
Completed	1864, 1887
Administration
Diocese	Bethlehem
Clergy
Bishop(s)	Rt. Rev. Kevin Nichols
Dean	Very Rev. Anthony R. Pompa
Nativity Episcopal Cathedral
U.S. Historic district Contributing property
Show map of Pennsylvania Show map of the United States
Coordinates	40°36′41.12″N 75°23′01″W
Part of	Fountain Hill Historic District (ID88000450[1])
Added to NRHP	April 21, 1988

History

Founding of the Parish

The first services of the Episcopal Church were occasionally celebrated in Bethlehem beginning in 1854[2], in locations such as Temperance Hall, near Broad and New Streets, the Sun Inn, the Eagle Hotel, Central Moravian Church, and Citizens' Hall. In the early 1860s Tinsley Jeter led worship in his home, the old Freytag farmhouse. The first Episcopal service conducted by a clergyperson in South Bethlehem was held in Robert Sayre's parlor on June 16, 1861, officiated by the Rev. Mr. Tschudi, Assistant Minister of St. Mark's, Mauch Chunk (Jim Thorpe). A church school of 52 pupils was soon established in the North Pennsylvania Railroad station on Sunday, May 11, 1862. In July 1862, the Missionary Society of the Diocese of Pennsylvania sent the Rev. Eliphalet Nott Potter (son of bishop Alonzo Potter), as missionary to Bethlehem and Allentown. From September 7, 1862, services have been held regularly, with Holy Communion being celebrated for the first time in South Bethlehem on October 19, 1962, with the Rev. Alexander Cummins, rector of Christ Church, Reading, presiding. At a meeting in the home of Robert Sayre on November 8, 1862, a temporary Vestry formed. William Heysham Sayre and Tinsley Jeter were Wardens. Ira Cortright, Robert Sayre, William Sayre Jr., and John Smylie Jr. were members. In the Convention of the Diocese of Pennsylvania of May 1863, the parish was received into the Diocese, and on June 1, 1863, Rev. Eliphalet Potter was called as rector. Asa Packer and Solomon Roberts joined the Vestry.

Pro-Cathedral / Cathedral

The Vestry voted to allow the church to allow the use of the church by Assistant Bishop Rulison in 1890 (but as Assistant Bishops do not officially have a see), the church did not officially become the Pro-Cathedral until 1899 under the Rt. Rev. Ethelbert Talbot, and then, in 1944, under the Rt. Rev. Frank W. Sterrett it became the Cathedral of The Episcopal Diocese of Bethlehem.[3]

Congregations Planted

Trinity Church

In 1869 under the guidance of then Rector the Rev. Robert Nevin, a Sunday School was established on Wall Street (currently Market Street) to provide an Episcopal presence on across the river on Bethlehem's NorthSide. When the Rev. Nevin left Nativity, Acting Rector the Rev. John Forbes, took over the effort, and H. Stanley Goodwin became the first superintendent. It was during this time that the name Trinity was chosen. By 1872 the first Vestry established itself with members of The Church of the Nativity's Vestry also serving on Trinity Church's: Charles Dodson, William Dunglison, H. Stanley Goodwin, and Robert H. Sayre. Trinity Church's first services were held in 1872, and by 1873 was accepted in union with the then Diocese of Central Pennsylvania.

St. Mary's Chapel

With the establishment of John Smylie's Shive Governor Works and the construction of the Lechauweki Springs Summer Resort in Fountain Hill in 1873, The Church of the Nativity planted a Sunday School, which met in the Resort. Robert H. Sayre was the first superintendent. By 1874 it had grown and began meeting in Salisbury Public School. Property at the corner of Lechauweki Avenue and Church Street in Fountain Hill was purchased, a cornerstone was laid on October 6, 1874, and St. Mary's Chapel was consecrated on the 10th Anniversary of The Church of the Nativity, April 19, 1875. By 1895, the building had been enlarged and reconsecrated.

Due to the advent of the automobile and changing demographics, by 1942 the last services were held in St. Mary's Chapel, and the property and building were sold by The Cathedral Church of the Nativity in 1945.

The building is currently home to Healthy Environments Child Development Center.

St. Joseph Chapel

An influx of workers to the Iron Works in South Bethlehem inspired members of The Church of the Nativity to plant a Sunday school near the No. 3 Furnace. Thus, in November 1882, St. Joseph's Chapel began under the direction of William Wharton Thurston who was then President of the Iron Works. In 1883 property for an edifice was purchased by Joseph Wharton of Philadelphia, ground was broken on November 6, 1883, and the cornerstone was laid on November 18th. In January 1884 the first services were held in the new building, and on October 18, 1884 the building was consecrated.

By 1897 the congregation had grown enough to need more space, and the building was enlarged. This larger building was consecrated in Sept 1899. By 1911, demographics were changing in the neighborhood, and St. Joseph's was given for us by the Diocesan Italian Missioner, the Rev. D. A. Rocca for ministry to Italian immigrants. By 1914 an influx of immigrants from Greece meant that the beginning of the congregation that would become St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church started using the building, and in 1917 The [Episcopal] Pro-Cathedral Church of the Nativity sold the property to St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox congregation.

The building is currently home to Holy Bethel Pentecostal Church.

The cemetery behind St. Joseph's building remains partially owned by St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, and partially by The [Episcopal] Cathedral Church of the Nativity.

Connections to Foundation of Local Institutions

Lehigh University

1865

Bishopthorpe School for Girls

When Philadelphia music publisher Charles Augustus Fiot died in 1866, the Manor House mansion and grounds he had built in the early 1850s on the old Hoffert farm and called "Fontainebleau" in Fountain Hill came up for sale. Tinsely Jeter scooped up the property in 1867. In a meeting at Robert H. Sayre's mansion on December 11, 1867, Robert Sayre, William H. Sayre, Tinsley Jeter, H. Stanley Goodwin, James Jenkins, John Smylie, Henry Coppee, the Rev. Eliphalet N. Potter (Rector of The Church of the Nativity) and the Rt. Rev. William Bacon Stevens (Bishop of the Diocese of Pennsylvania) committed themselves to establishing a "young ladies' academy of the highest character". By 1868 the Bishopthorpe School for Girls had begun, with the property rented, and then purchased by the Vestry of The Church of the Nativity. It utilized the old Manor House as a seminary (i.e. finishing school) for girls born to the wealthy families of the burgeoning industrial class. Tinsley Jeter was the first President of the Board and the school operated under the auspices of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania. Edith H. Chase was hired as first principal and held the post until 1870. By the 1880s the Diocese of Pennsylvania had purchased the school. Fanny I. Walsh succeeded her and was principal until her death in 1894. By 1902 the school had fallen on hard times and closed temporarily, until it was purchased by Claude I. Wyant in 1906.

During the Great Depression, the Wyants closed the school and sold Bishopthorpe to St. Luke's Hospital in 1930, where in 1931 St. Luke's opened its School of Nursing. The buildings were demolished in 1994.

St. Luke's Hospital

1871

The Children's Home of South Bethlehem / Wiley House / KidsPeace

1882

Leonard Hall

1907

Saucon Valley Country Club

1920

New Bethany Ministries

1985

Bethlehem Emergency Sheltering

2009

Buildings

Church

First Building 1864

The Church of the Nativity, c. 1866

New York architect Edward Tuckerman Potter designed the first church building in and English Gothic Revival style. And so, on August 3, 1863 the cornerstone was laid, and construction began on the parish's first church building. It was completed the following year with the first services celebrated on Christmas Day[4], and was consecrated on April 19, 1865 by the Rt. Rev. William B. Stevens, then Assistant Bishop of Pennsylvania.

Interior, c. 1866

Enlargement 1887

Choir, chancel, and Altar in the late-1890s

The present building's nave, chancel and iconic apse were designed by architect E. M. Burns and incorporated the 1864 building as an east-west transept. Robert Packer Linderman, together with his sister Sally, and brother Garrett Brodhead Linderman Jr erected the chancel in memory of their father Dr. Garrett Brodhead Linderman, and the Altar and reredos in memory of their mother Lucy Packer Linderman, daughter of Asa Packer. Construction was completed in 1887 and the enlarged building was first used on Easter Day, April 10, 1887. The debt was paid off by the following year and it was consecrated by Assistant Bishop of Central Pennsylvania, the Rt. Rev. Nelson Somerville Rulison on All Saints' Day, November 1, 1888.

Apse and Nave, c. 1888

Tower, Baptistery & Rood Screen 1899

In 1899 Robert Packer Linderman gave the iconic Rood Screen, designed by J. & R. Lamb Studios as a thank offering for the recent birth of his son Robert Packer Linderman Jr. In the same year, Robert Heysham Sayre installed the Font and Baptistery designed by E. M. Burns in memory of his first wife Mary Evelyn Sayre, four of their children who died young (Charles White, Anna Catharine, Ellen May, and Francis Rodolphus), a grandchild who died, Robert Sayre Chandler; his sister Elizabeth Kent (wife of William Reed), and their deceased grandchildren Harvey Dennison Kitchel, Gladys Kitchel, and William Sayre Kitchel; his sister Catharine Irvin; and his deceased son Cecil Nevin Sayre (from his second marriage to Martha Nevin). Warren Abbot Wilbur built the tower with its bells on the southwest corner of the building in 1899, in memory of his late wife Sallie Packer Linderman Wilbur. The set of nine bells, made by the Meneely (Troy) Bell Foundry were first rung on Easter Day, April 15, 1900.

Rood Screen, Chancel, and Altar, 1900

Baptistery, 1900

Stained Glass

Pipe Organs

• 1865 C. F. Durner?

• 1887 Johnson & Son, Op. 672 given by Elisha Packer Wilbur Sr.

• 1940 Aeolian-Skinner, Op. 1003 (39 ranks)

• 1998 Austin Organs, Inc., Op. 2776 (47 ranks)

The Parish House

1897 then 1939

The Deanery

In 1866, a year after completion of the 1865 church building, at the request of the Rector the Rev. Eliphalet Potter, the Vestry authorized construction of a rectory for $1500. The building, built of stone in a Rural Gothic [Revival] style was completed by 1867.

Rectory, c 1866

From 1866 until 1938 the house served as the Rector's, then Dean's house. Under Dean Foust, then, the parish rented then purchased a home on Seneca Street in Fountain to be a Rectory. Parish offices moved into the first floor of the former Rectory - then restyled "Church House" - and the second and third floors were converted into an apartment for associate clergy. The Seneca Street Deanery was sold in 1955 and a house on West Market Street was purchased as the Deanery. The Parish Offices moved from Church House back to the Parish House (Sayre Hall) in 1986. For a time in the 1970s and 1980s and then again in the 2000s the second and third floor apartment housed the Sexton. KidsPeace and then a counseling center utilized the space in the late 1990s.

Currently the first floor of the Deanery is home to ShareCare Faith-in-Action, the Cathedral History Room (archives), and the Sexton's Office. The second and third floor apartment is clergy housing.

Rectors and Deans

• Eliphalet Nott Potter, Rector, 1862 to 1869

• Robert Jenkins Nevin, Rector, 1869

• Cortland Whitehead, Rector, 1870 to 1882

• Cleland Kinlock Nelson, Rector, 1882 to 1892

• Gilbert Henry Sterling, Rector, 1892 to 1912

• Frederick W. Beekman, Dean & Rector, 1913 to 1917

• John Insley Blair Larned, Dean & Rector, 1918 to 1922

• D. Wilmot Gateson, Dean & Rector, 1922 to 1931

• Walter H. Gray, Dean & Rector, 1932 to 1936

• Roscoe T. Foust, Dean & Rector, 1937 to 1945

• W. Robert Webb, Dean & Rector, 1945 to 1954

• Benjamin Minifie, Dean & Rector, 1955 to 1960

• John N. McCormick, Dean & Rector, 1960 to 1966

• H. Lawrence Wittemore, Dean & Rector, to 1983

• Robert Downes Schenkel, Dean & Rector

• William Lane, Dean & Rector

• Anthony R. Pompa, Dean & Rector, 2007 to present

Associate Clergy

• Enoch Supplee, 1866

• Henry H. Oberly, 1867

• Robert H. Nevin, 1868

• Charles H. Mead, 1871-72

• Charles Edgar Taylor, 1886-88

• Harvey S. Fisher, 1890-91

• George W. van Fossen, 1893

• Willis H. Stone, 1894-96

• Stewart U. Mitman, 1896-1913

• Brayton Byron, 1913-16

• Wolcott Cutler, 1916-18

• Arthur Murray, 1918-192?

• Steward F. Custard Jr., 1923-24

• Kenneth Bray, 1929-32

• Kenneth E. Heim, 1932-35

• Edward Carroll Morgan, 1935-36

• Eugene Schmaus, 1936-37

• G. Clayton Melling, 1937-39

• Charles Robison Allen, 1937-41

• Dean Theodore Stevenson, 1940-42

• Theodore “Ted” Titus Johnson, 1942-43

• W. Robert Webb, 1944-45

• Herbert H. Griffin, 1945-49

• Bruce Armfield Weatherly, 1950-52

• Peter B. Goodfellow, 1953-55

• J. Robert Zimmerman, 1956-58

• Frederick T. Bender, 1958-60

• Peter H. Igarashi, 1960-64

• H. Dwight Blakeslee, 1964-68

• G. Richard Lobs, 1968-70

• Charles Edward “Ned” South, 1970-71

• Theodore L. Weatherly, 1968-74

• John D. Crandall, 1975-79

• A. Donald Fayrer, 1976-83

• Robert L. Tate, 1980-84

• Maurice “Reese” Lane Friedman, 1985-86

• Gary G. Nicholosi, 1986-90

• Gwendolyn Jane Romeril, 1982-88

• Ira C. Houck III, 1991-92

• Anthony R. Pompa, 1991-

• Joel Atkinson, 1998

• Anne Kitch, 1999-2007

• Mariclair Partee, 2012-

• Kimberly Rowles Reinholz

• Michelle Moyer, 2015-18

• Dale Grandfield, 2019-present

Musicians

• John Romig, 1865

• Frederick Rolle, 1886 to

• T. Edgar Shields, 1902 to 1948

• Robert R. Chapman, 1949 to 1954

• Russell Jackson

• Stephen Williams, to present

See also

• List of the Episcopal cathedrals of the United States
• List of cathedrals in the United States
• St. Stephen's Episcopal Pro-Cathedral (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania)

References

1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
2. "A Sketch of Nativity Parish". Bethlehem Area Public Library. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
3. "Bethlehem, Diocese of". Episcopal Church. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
4. "About Us". Cathedral Church of the Nativity. Retrieved 2013-12-30.