Carroll Group

The Carroll Group was a family-owned group of businesses formed in the early twentieth century that expanded rapidly in the 1980s when it was taken over by Gerald Carroll, grandson of the founder. At that time it was one of the largest private businesses in Britain, but it collapsed in the early 1990s under the weight of its debt and amid accusations of fraud. Gerald Carroll has since campaigned to have the collapse of the group recognised as a fraud but without apparent success.

Not to be confused with Thomas Carroll Group, a Welsh financial services business.
Carroll Group
Privately held
IndustryProperty development
Foundedc. 1920s
FounderJohn E. "Jock" Carroll
HeadquartersLondon
Key people

Origins
Leap Castle, Birr, Ireland. Once in the ownership of the O'Carroll clan.

The Carroll Group was a three generation family-owned private business founded by John E. "Jock" Carroll who was descended from the Irish O'Carroll clan.[1] Jock may have had a role in the purchase by the Ford Motor Company in 1924[2] of the land in Essex on which the company built its Dagenham car plant. The plant produced its first vehicle in 1931[3] and Jock Carroll also built homes for the workers at the plant, using similar mass production building techniques to Ford under the slogan "a house a day, a street a week".[1] The business was then taken over by Jock's son John Carroll (born around 1929)[4] and in the late 1970s by his grandson Gerald Carroll (born 1951) after which it began to expand rapidly.[5]

1980s
Farnborough Airport, Hampshire

In addition to pre-existing Carroll businesses, Gerald Carroll was active as a businessman in his own right. He claimed in a 2001 Sky News interview to be a self-made man. He launched a bid for quoted car dealership Frank G. Gates in 1985[6] but specialised in spotting property development sites and obtaining planning permission for them.[5] In 1986, 85 group companies and the Carroll family art collection were placed in a trust, The Carroll Foundation, which was estimated to have net assets worth £250m, and which from then on became the principal vehicle through which the Carroll Group operated.[7]

The group described itself as "An integrated holdings group with global capacity" operating in Australasia, Europe, North America and the U.S.S.R.[8] Its businesses included meat processing and sheep farming in Australia, financial services in the Caribbean, and commercial property holdings in Ireland. The group at one time owned 5% of the Manchester Ship Canal.[7] It redeveloped the Farnborough airfield for the Ministry of Defence and the Carroll Aircraft Corporation held the licence for civil operations there.[1][9]

Directors of group companies included British establishment figures such as Air Marshal Sir Barry Duxbury, Air Marshal Sir Ivor Broom, Sir Ewen Broadbent, Group Captain Peter Townsend, Sir Curtis Keeble (a former UK ambassador to the Soviet Union), and former environment minister Sir Eldon Griffiths.[9] Conservative Party organiser Sir Anthony Garner was a director of the Carroll Anglo-American group, the Carroll Aircraft Corporation and the Farnborough Aerospace Development Corporation.[10]

The Carroll Foundation agreed a three-year sponsorship deal for the July Cup at Newmarket Racecourse, and Gerald Carroll became known for his lavish entertaining there and at other events.[5] In 1988,[11] he bought Warren Park stud farm at Newmarket from Captain Marcos Lemos for £7 million together with its 300 acres of land and a large house.[12] He had a collection of prestige cars that included Bentleys and Lamborghinis.[5] Carroll bought the yearling racehorse Carroll House for 32,000 guineas and then sold him to Antonio Balzarini.[5][13] The horse went on to win the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in 1989.[14]

In 1989, the group signed a protocol of intent for a £150 million British-Soviet trade centre to be built in Moscow in conjunction with Balfour Beatty. Had it gone ahead, the project would have included a hotel, housing and offices. Finance was reported to have been arranged with Samuel Montagu and the Moscow Narodny Bank.[15][16] In 1989, the group had projects under way, excluding the Russian project, that if realised would have been valued at around £2 billion. Among the U.K. projects were a £500 million mixed development at Valley Park in Croydon, another at Hatfield, Watford Business Park, and Metroplex Business Park at Salford, Greater Manchester.[15]

1990s
The Galleria, Hatfield.

Around mid 1990, there began to be speculation in the City of London that the Carroll Group had over-extended itself. The Observer, who described the group as "one of Britain's largest private enterprises",[15] reported however that the chief executive of Carroll Industries Corporation, Anthony Clarke, flatly denied that anything was wrong, stating that pre-tax profits for the year ended 30 March 1990 were £13 million compared to £14.1 million for the eleven months ended 30 March 1989. The paper noted, however, an increase in debt from £1.5 million in August 1988, to £141 million in July 1989 and £148 million in March 1990.[15]

The technically ambitious project to build the Galleria shopping centre above the A1(M) motorway at Hatfield, Hertfordshire, was budgeted at £50 million but cost £90 million by the time it was finished 18 months late. Carroll refinanced the project and injected £30 million. It opened in 1991 but bankers Samuel Montagu placed the scheme in receivership in 1992. Afterwards, records were found showing the purchase of bugging equipment and the employment of private detectives to watch the bankers involved.[5][17]

In July 1992, a rescue operation was carried out in conjunction with Midland Bank[5] and £100m of assets were moved from the Carroll Foundation to the Urban Finance Corporation Limited[7] which was incorporated on 10 April 1992[18] and last filed accounts for the year ended 31 March 1993.[19]

Despite looming trouble from rising debts, Gerald Carroll continued to try to make deals. In September 1992, he visited Russia with executives from the British Sugar Corporation, ex-Foreign Office diplomats and a former British ambassador to Moscow, to meet the Russian vice-president Alexander Rutskoi. Carroll had come up with a deal to sell Siberian oil in order for the BSC to expand sugar beet production in the Kursk region who would then send the sugar to Siberia where there was supposedly a shortage. The deal quickly fell apart when it transpired that the Siberians had sold the same oil to three different buyers.[16]

Collapse

In January 1995, Midland Bank, bankers to the Urban Finance Corporation and owed £26 million, appointed Ernst & Young as administrative receivers to the company[17][20] and in February 1995, Gerald Carroll filed for personal bankruptcy at Reading with debts of up to £40 million.[17] Other creditors of Gerald Carroll or the Carroll Group companies included Hypo Bank who were owed £30 million, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce £16 million and Samuel Montagu £5 million.[5]

In January 1996, John Carroll, Gerald's father, asked the British High Court to restrain Gerald from going within 100 yards of any of his three homes, claiming that Gerald had assaulted him and would "continue to batter and abuse" him unless he was restrained, adding, "He is in a state. I am working to see if I can help, but I don't want to see him."[4]

Allegations of fraud

Since the collapse of the group, Gerald Carroll has campaigned to have the break-up of the Carroll Group recognised as a fraud in which the assets of the group were siphoned off until nothing was left.[21] He has supplied information to the Serious Fraud Office relating to the matter,[22] but nobody has been prosecuted. Allegations have centered on the creation of duplicate companies at the time of the 1992 reorganisation. Ely Property, for instance, a Carroll Group company that owned the Tower Shopping Centre in Ballymena, had its name changed to Winskirk in September 1992 while a second company had its name changed from Winskirk to Ely Property. The same process was carried out for the Farnborough Aerospace Development Corporation and its subsidiaries, Carroll Aircraft Corporation and the Strategic Research and Development Corporation.[1][9]

An active campaign continues on social media such as Twitter, Facebook and blogspot.com that links the alleged fraud to current events and popular conspiracy theories. As of 5 September 2017 the @carrolltrust account on Twitter had 2.04 million followers and had broadcast over 100,000 tweets.[23]

Philanthropy

The Carroll Foundation supported a number of charitable causes. In 1990, it endowed a chair of Irish history for £1.5m at Hertford College, University of Oxford,[24][25][26] and between 1988 and 2003 the Foundation funded a prize of £3,000 by the Royal Society of Portrait Painters for the most outstanding portrait fine art work.[27]

Notes and references
  1. "How did this man's 500m world wide business empire vanish into thin air?", Dan Atkinson, Mail on Sunday, 5 November 2000, p. 13.
  2. "New Ford Factory", Western Gazette, 18 July 1924, p. 9.
  3. "80 years of Ford at Dagenham", Paul Hudson, Daily Telegraph, 15 May 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  4. " 'Bully' son banned by tycoon", John Kay & Bill Coles, The Sun, 13 January 1996, p. 11.
  5. "Party ends as property meteor crashes to earth", John Waples, The Sunday Times, 26 February 1995, pp. 2 & 7.
  6. "Company News in Brief: Frank G. Gates", The Times, 16 January 1985, p. 22.
  7. "Revenue looks into Carroll break-up". Dan Atkinson, The Guardian, 6 May 2000. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  8. Riches to Ruin Part 1, Sky News, 2001. YouTube. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  9. "SFO looks at 500m fall of Carroll empire", Dominic O'Connell, Sunday Business, 1 October 2000, p. 1.
  10. "Sir Anthony Garner, political organiser – obituary", The Daily Telegraph, 14 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  11. Waugh & Butters Family. The Society of Old Framlinghamians, 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  12. "Study the farm before picking a winner – A canter round studs on the market in Europe and beyond", Cheryl Taylor, The Times, 9 March 1996.
  13. Timeform staff (eds.) (1988) Racehorses of 1987. Portway Press. ISBN 0-900599-46-4.
  14. Carroll House (GB). RacingPost.com. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  15. "Carroll shrugs off rumours", The Observer, 1 July 1990, The Observer, p. 26.
  16. Lane-Smith, Roger. (2014). A Fork in the Road: From Single Partner to Largest Legal Practice in the World. London: Icon Books. pp. 205–213. ISBN 978-1-84831-850-2.
  17. "Developer goes bust with debts of £40m", Tony Hetherington, Mail on Sunday, 19 February 1995, p. 3.
  18. Registered number 02707612.
  19. URBAN FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED. Company Check. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  20. "Appointment of Administrative Receivers", The London Gazette, 18 January 1995, p. 693. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  21. Riches to Ruin Part 3, Sky News, 2001. YouTube. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  22. "Fraud claims in property group case", Norma Cohen, Financial Times, 3 March 2001, p. 2.
  23. Carroll Trust @carrolltrust. Twitter. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  24. Riches to Ruin Part 2, Sky News, 2001. YouTube. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  25. Hoffman, Ronald; Sally D. Mason. (2000). Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500–1782. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8078-5347-4.
  26. Professor Roy Foster: Carroll Professor of Irish History. Hertford College. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  27. Carroll Foundation Award until 2003. Archived July 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Royal Society of Portrait Painters. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
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