Carl E. Schneider

Carl E. Schneider is an American lawyer and bioethicist. He serves as Chauncey Stillman Professor of Law and as Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Michigan.[1] He was educated at Harvard College and received his JD from the University of Michigan. Schneider subsequently clerked for Judge Carl McGowan of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; he served in the same capacity for Justice Potter Stewart of the United States Supreme Court.

Schneider has authored several books, including The Censor's Hand: The Misregulation of Human-Subject Research.

Views on institutional review boards

Schneider has argued that institutional review boards are unnecessary and harmful, restricting useful and innocuous research while being likely to permit truly dangerous studies. He stated in a 2018 lecture that IRBs are "deeply unethical system[s] of regulation" because they fail to reach consistent decisions and prohibit many experiments which have the potential to benefit patient health. Schneider cited a multi-center study of vitamin A supplementation for neonatal ICU patients which IRBs halted: one institution's IRB rejected the study because it considered the experiment unnecessary, claiming the benefits of vitamin A supplementation were proven; another denied it because it considered the effects of vitamin A on neonates too ill-studied to be ethical. He continued by noting that even without IRB approval, the doctors running the study would have had the ability to give or not give vitamin A to their patients, and even to collect data on the two groups. However, to compare the patients would require IRB approval.[2]

gollark: There are some important considerations here: it should be able to deal with damaged/partial files, encryption would be nice to have (it would probably work to just run it through authenticated AES-whatever when writing), adding new files shouldn't require tons of seeking, and it might be necessary to store backups on FAT32 disks so maybe it needs to be able of using multiple files somehow.
gollark: Hmm, so, designoidal idea:- files have the following metadata: filename, last modified time, maybe permissions (I may not actually need this), size, checksum, flags (in case I need this later; probably just compression format?)- each version of a file in an archive has this metadata in front of it- when all the files in some set of data are archived, a header gets written to the end with all the file metadata plus positions- when backup is rerun, the system™ just checks the last modified time of everything and sees if its local copies are newer, and if so appends them to the end; when it is done a new header is added containing all the files- when a backup needs to be extracted, it just reads the end and decompresses stuff at the right offset
gollark: I don't know what you mean "dofs", data offsets?
gollark: Well, this will of course be rustaceous.
gollark: So that makes sense.

References
  1. "Carl E. Schneider". www.law.umich.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  2. Schneider, Carl E. (March 21, 2018). Institutional Review Boards (Speech). History 231. Ann Arbor, MI.
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