Carl Demmer

Carl Ignaz Anton Demmer, also Karl, (baptised 11 February 1766 – after 1824) was an operatic tenor at the Vienna court opera, and possibly Florestan in the first version of Beethoven's opera Fidelio on 20 November 1805, then titled Leonore, oder Der Triumph der ehelichen Liebe.[A 1]

Carl Demmer
Born
Carl Ignaz Anton Demmer

Cologne
Baptised(1766-02-11)11 February 1766
Diedafter 1824
OccupationOperatic tenor
Organization
Spouse(s)Caroline Demmer

Life

Born in Cologne, Demmer was baptised Carl Ignaz Anton on 11 February 1766 in the Cologne parish of St: Lupus.[1] He began his artistic career as a choir singer at various churches in Cologne.[2] Around 1786, he became an opera singer, who is first documented at the society of Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Großmann and its co-director Christian Wilhelm Klos in Cologne. The music director of the company was Friedrich August Burgmüller. Together with Burgmüller, Demmer then moved to the Theater Bonn, which was opened on 3 January 1789.[3]

At Pentecost 1790, he moved to the troupe of J. A. Dietrich, which played mainly in the Netherlands. He met Karl Friedrich Krüger and his sister Caroline, whom he soon married.[4] The troupe also played at the just opened Hoogduitse Schouwburg Amsterdam.[5]

On 4 February 1791 Demmer and his wife came to the Weimar court theatre,[6] where both were supported by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. At Pentecost 1794, the couple appeared in Frankfurt. On 5 May Goethe's mother wrote to her son in Weimar:

Herr Demmer! that's a wonderful man - he played Tamino with excellence - and our operas have won a lot through him - his wife only performed as Claudia once - you can't say much yet. Last week Die Zauberflöte was given two times at such full houses that all the doors had to remain open otherwise one would have suffocated with heat![7]

On 20 December 1799, Demmer gave a concert in Frankfurt to which he invited all his patrons.[8] At the beginning of 1804, he signed a contract with the Vienna court opera, which was regretted in Frankfurt.[9] A review noted his "strong steady voice with a high range".[10] On 27 February 1804, Demmer gave his farewell performance in Frankfurt in the title role of Mozart's La clemenza di Tito. A few days later he travelled via Regensburg to Vienna where he arrived with his family on 7 March.[11] Demmer made his debut there on 20 June 1804 at the court opera as Edwinsky in the Vienna premiere of François-Adrien Boieldieu's Die Verwiesenen auf Kamtschatka.[12] The Vienna correspondent of the Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung gave an essentially positive review of Demmer's performance:

A new tenor, Mr. Demmer, who appeared for the first time in the role of the Count, pleased. He really has a strong and pure voice, quite a range, and plays quite well. Even if his technique is not perfect, he tries to make up for it by clear diction, a quality not often found in our singers, especially tenors.[13]

The Vienna correspondent of the Berlinische musikalische Zeitung edited by Johann Friedrich Reichardt wrote somewhat more sceptically:

For a first lover he is no longer young enough, his voice has too little sound and flexibility. But he is understandable, has a good high register, and usually sings with accuracy and expression.

The notice for the premiere of Beethoven's opera Leonore, oder Der Triumph der ehelichen Liebe (later revised as Fidelio), which took place on 20 November 1805 at the Theater an der Wien, then mentioned "Herr Demmer" in the role of Florestan. His partner was Anna Milder as Leonore, or Fidelio. The performance was a great failure for Beethoven, as even the protagonists were not given a good testimony: "Milder, despite her beautiful voice, had far too little affect and life for the role of Fidelio, and Demmer almost always intoned flat." The opera was performed only three times.[14] Beethoven was also dissatisfied with Demmer's interpretation and replaced him with Joseph August Röckel at the premiere of the second version on 26 March 1806.[15]

Among Demmer's great successes was the role of Ober-Seneschall in the Boildieu's singspiel Jean de Paris, which was first performed at the Theater an der Wien on 29 August 1812. The popular Cathinka Buchwieser appeared as the Princess of Navarre, and Demmer's daughter Josefine portrayed Lorezza.[16] Curiously, his brother Christian Demmer played the same role at the same time in a production of the court theatre. Ignaz Franz Castelli writes in his memoirs:

Two Demmer brothers were employed as singers, one at the court opera, the other at the Theater an der Wien; they played all the chevaliers, they looked so alike, and had so much the same manners and so much the same language that it was almost impossible to tell them apart. They played and sang at the same time, each in his own theatre, Seneschal in Jean de Paris.[17]

On 14 April 1813, Demmer was registered as a court actor, living at Laimgrube No. 26.[18] On 12 April 1815, he married (at the age of 65) the 24-year-old Franziska Hofmann in Wien-Margareten.[19] p. 365]</ref>--> On 1 July 1822, he retired.[20] There is no record of him after 1824.

Family

The marriage of Carl and Caroline Demmer produced several children who became important Viennese actresses and actors, among them:

  • Friedrich Demmer (1785 in Berlin – 15 April 1838 in Vienna), from September 1829 to 1834 as a singer, then until his death as chief director of the court opera
  • Jeannette (Johanna) Schmidt, née Demmer (5 April 1794 in Weimar – 14 March 1862 in Vienna),[21]
  • Josefine Scutta, née Demmer (19 September 1795 in Frankfurt – 22 December 1863 in Vienna), wife of Andreas Scutta
  • Thekla Demmer (1802 in Frankfurt – 23 August 1832 in Vienna).

Demmer was the brother of the singers and actors Joseph and Christian Demmer. His nephew was the opera singer Friedrich Demmer.

Further reading
  • Demmer Familie on OeML
  • Matthäus Voll: Chronologisches Verzeichniß aller Schauspiele, deutschen und italienischen Opern, Pantomimen und Ballette, welche seit dem Monath April 1794 bis wieder dahin 1807, nämlich durch volle 13 Jahre sowohl in den k.-k. Hoftheatern als auch in den k-k. privil. Schauspielhäusern, vormahls auf der Wieden, nun an der Wien und in der Leopoldstadt aufgeführet worden sind. Wien 1807
  • Ernst Pasqué: Goethe’s Theaterleitung in Weimar. Leipzig 1863, pp. 73–78
  • Bruno Thomas Satori-Neumann: Die Frühzeit des Weimarischen Hoftheaters unter Goethes Leitung. Berlin 1922
  • Alexander Wheelock Thayer: Ludwig van Beethovens Leben. Edited by Hermann Deiters, volume 2, 3rd edition., Leipzig 1922
  • Theodor von Frimmel: Beethoven-Handbuch. Leipzig 1926, Band 1, p. 106f. Carl Demmer is available for free download at the Internet Archive
  • Klaus Wolfgang Niemöller: Kirchenmusik und reichsstädtische Musikpflege im Köln des 18. Jahrhunderts (Beiträge zur rheinischen Musikgeschichte, issue 39), Cologne 1960
  • Albert Richard Mohr: Frankfurter Theater von der Wandertruppe zum Komödienhaus. Frankfurt 1967
  • Willy Hess: Das Fidelio-Buch. Winterthur 1986
  • Klaus Martin Kopitz: Der Düsseldorfer Komponist Norbert Burgmüller. Ein Leben zwischen Beethoven – Spohr – Mendelssohn. Kleve 1998, pp. 23–28, ISBN 3-9805931-6-9; Dohr, Köln, ISBN 978-3-936655-34-6

Notes
  1. Other names connected to this role and performance are Friedrich Demmer (Großes Sängerlexikon) and Joseph Demmer.
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References
  1. Cologne, St. Lupus, baptisms 1732–1775 and weddings 1733–1782, p. 219
  2. Niemöller (1960), p. 227.
  3. Kopitz (1998), pp. 23–28
  4. Satori-Neumann (1922), pp. 29–31
  5. Franz Carl Weidmann: Carl Krüger. In Archiv für Geschichte, Statistik, Literatur und Kunst, No 14/15, 2/4 February 1824, pp. 65–68, here p. 67
  6. Christian August Vulpius: Eine Korrespondenz zur Kulturgeschichte der Goethezeit, edited by Andreas Meier. Berlin 2003, volume 2, p. 7
  7. Katharina Elisabeth Goethe: Briefe, volume 1, p. 467
  8. Maria Belli-Gontard: Leben in Frankfurt am Main. Auszüge der Frag- und Anzeigungs-Nachrichten (des Intelligenz-Blattes). Frankfurt 1830, p. 111
  9. Ueber den Zustand der Musik in Frankfurt am Mayn. In: Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung, Jg. 5, No 24, 14 March 1804, pp. 398–403, here p. 402
  10. Clive, H. P. (1997). Schubert and His World: A Biographical Dictionary. Clarendon Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-19-816582-8.
  11. Dieter Haberl: Das Regensburgische Diarium (Intelligenzblatt) als musikhistorische Quelle. Regensburg 2012, p. 391
  12. Vienna, Theatermuseum, Zettelsammlung; cf. also Voll (1807), pp. 42–163
  13. Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung, Jg. 6, No 45, 8 August 1804, p. 760
  14. Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, Jg. 8, No 15, 8 January 1806, p. 238
  15. H. P. Clive: Demmer in: Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 87–88, ISBN 978-0-19-816672-6
  16. Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung, Jg. 14, No 39, 23 September 1812, p. 644
  17. Ignaz Franz Castelli: Memoiren meines Lebens. Gefundenes und Empfundenes, Erlebtes und Erstrebtes. Vienna 1861, volume 1, p. 243 f
  18. Wiener Zeitung, No. 51, 29 April 1813, Amtsblatt, p. 158
  19. Vienna, Pfarre St. Josef zu Margareten
  20. Catalogue of the portrait collection of the k. u. k. General-Intendanz of the K-k. Court theatre. Published at the same time with a biographical auxiliary book in the field of theatre and music, 2nd department, Gruppe IV. Vienna 1892, p. 348
  21. Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950. Volume 10 (Lfg. 48, 1992) p. 275
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