Cantar caste

Cantar (also spelled Shandar or Sandar, they are also known as Shanar and Shandrar) is a Tamil caste found in Sri Lanka. They are traditionally occupied in palm tree climbing, toddy tapping and oil pressing.[1][2]

Etymology

The Cantars are also known as Shanar. The term is proposed as an etymologically corruptive derivative of shandrar, the older term for the community.[3]

History

They were originally tree-climbers and toddy tappers. They claim origin from the Shanars of South India, who settled in Sri Lanka, initially in the Puttalam region, due to social clashes and overpopulation in South India.[4]

The Jaffna Kingdom were known for exporting elephants, which were caught in the Vanni region and maintained by the Cantars.[5] The Cantars had to pay taxes to the Jaffna kings for producing jaggery and pinattu (a sweet or pulp, made of dried palmyra fruit).[3]

According to the Jaffna chronicle, Yalpana Vaipava Malai, there were the Nalavar (palm tree climber and toddy tappers) known as Nambis. After withdrawing from a battle, the Nambis made a living by being hired by Cantars or Shanars and eventually taking up their hereditary occupation as palm tree climbers and toddy tappers.[6][7]

The Cantars have in recent centuries taken to oil milling, specializing in gingelly oil.[5]

gollark: Also, people often want to do things like "restart" in their API, which it can't nicely express, and end up contorting it horribly.
gollark: Also, people often want to do things like "restart" which it can't nicely express and end up contorting it horribly.
gollark: REST seems kind of bad to me. It feels kind of layer-violationy using HTTP things to signal application-level statuses, and a lot of the time both ends would have less code just using a RPC-style interface, which has unfortunately fallen out of fashion.
gollark: You pollute everything with variables for no good reason.
gollark: You should likely just be using a table.

See also

References
  1. McGilvray, Dennis B. (1974). Tamils and Moors: caste and matriclan structure in eastern Sri Lanka. University of Chicago. p. 176.
  2. David, Kenneth (2011-06-03). The New Wind: Changing Identities in South Asia. Walter de Gruyter. p. 203. ISBN 9783110807752.
  3. Arasaratnam, Sinnappah (1996-01-01). Ceylon and the Dutch, 1600-1800: External Influences and Internal Change in Early Modern Sri Lanka. n Variorum. pp. 380, 381. ISBN 9780860785798.
  4. Raghavan, M. D. (1971). Tamil culture in Ceylon: a general introduction. Kalai Nilayam. p. 164.
  5. Ph.D. Ragupathy, Ponnampalam (1987). Early Settlements in Jaffna: An Archaeological Survey. University of Jaffna: Thillimalar Ragupathy. p. 210.
  6. Pillay, Kolappa Pillay Kanakasabhapathi (1963). South India and Ceylon. University of Madras. p. 161.
  7. David, Kenneth (1977-01-01). The New Wind: Changing Identities in South Asia. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 190–191. ISBN 9783110807752.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.