Caiçaras

Caiçaras are the traditional inhabitants of the coastal regions of the southeastern and southern Brazil. They form a distinct group of people, descended from indigenous people, Europeans and Africans.

Caiçara homes in Paraty

Their traditional way of life based on subsistence agriculture, hunting and fishing is threatened by real estate speculation, restrictive laws and declining fish stocks.

Cumuruxatiba, Bahia

Origins

The name caiçara comes from the Tupi language ka'aysá (or ka'aysara), a rustic fence made of tree branches.[1] The fences would surround a village, or would be used for trapping fish. Over time it came to be used for the huts built on the beaches, and then for the inhabitants.[2]

The people are of mixed indigenous, European and African origins. Their origins and customs are similar to the caipiras who live further inland.[3] In literature the caiçaras are represented as traditional, primitive, isolated and self-sufficient fishing people. This is an inaccurate stereotype, since it was only with the arrival of motor boats and fishing vessels in the 20th century that the communities were led to partly or entirely abandon agriculture in favour of fishing.[4]

Economy
Fishermen hauling in a boat in Guarujá, São Paulo state

The caiçaras make their living through artisan fishery, agriculture, hunting, gathering, crafts and more recently ecotourism. Activities are preferably based on a calendar based on phases of the moon. Agriculture is based on the coivara system, a sustainable technique handed down by the Indians. A clearing in the forest is cut and burned, planted for three years, then lies fallow for three to ten years before being reused. Common crops are sweet and bitter cassava, beans, corn, rice, sugarcane and bananas.[3]

Other subsistence activities are hunting, trapping and fishing with rods, nets and traps. Hunted, trapped or snared animals include agouti, armadillo, coati, capybara and peccary. Hunted birds include the tinamou, black-fronted piping guan and toucan. Hunting has been illegal since the 1980s.[3]

Lifestyle threats

The traditional lifestyle of the native population is threatened by real estate speculation and over-fishing. The caiçaras are vulnerable due to high levels of illiteracy, lack of education and information, lack of organization into groups and lack of communication methods such as telephones or even mail.[3]

gollark: My ideal chat thing would probably be IRC with emailish global accounts, and server-integrated history/bouncer features.
gollark: Message IDs, at least, are a fairly basic and critical feature. If you offload important things to modules you can't rely on them and clients which don't support them might randomly break things.
gollark: And XMPP has modules for things as stupidly basic as message IDs and I think server stored message history.
gollark: You have to deal with the interactions between modules, what happens if something is missing support, possible other incompatible modules, etc.
gollark: Modularity actually DOESN'T make things less complex always.

See also

References
  1. Navarro 2013, p. 210.
  2. Cristina Adams 2000, p. 146.
  3. Turismo Sócio - Cultural Comunidades Caiçaras.
  4. Cristina Adams 2000, p. 145.

Sources
  • Cristina Adams (2000), "As populações caiçaras e o mito do bom selvagem: a necessidade de uma nova abordagem interdisciplinar1" (PDF), Revista de Antropologia (in Portuguese), São Paulo, 43 (1), ISSN 0034-7701, retrieved 2016-07-23
  • Navarro, E. A. (2013), Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global
  • "Turismo Sócio - Cultural Comunidades Caiçaras", Trekking & Mountain Bike (in Portuguese), Brazil Adventure International, retrieved 2016-07-23
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.