Cécile Renault

Cécile-Aimée Renault (1774–1794) was a French woman and royalist accused of trying to assassinate Maximilien Robespierre during the Reign of Terror with two small knives. She was sentenced to death and guillotined on 2 June 1794 (29 prairial year II) in what is now Place de la Nation.

Cécile Renault at the revolutionary tribunal, medallion after a design by Pajou fils.

Assassination Attempt

Born in 1774 in Paris, Renault was the daughter of a paper maker, and Robespierre's name was frequently printed upon his products and a frequent part of her early life.[1]

Renault approached the home of Robespierre on the evening of 22 May 1794, carrying a parcel, a basket, and extra clothing under her arm that hid her weapons. She was able to successfully enter Robespierre's home due to her young countenance and age, being only about 19 or 20 years old at the time. Robespierre's guards initially allowed Renault to see him and but required her to wait for several hours inside the deputy's antechamber.[1]

Upon waiting for several hours and becoming impatient, Renault demanded her hosts have Robespierre meet with her immediately, arguing that "a public man ought to receive at all times those who have occasion to approach him."[1] When arrested she said she had been merely curious to see "what a tyrant looks like."[2] She also claimed to her captors that she would "rather have one king than fifty thousand." Other sources vary in, some quoting that Renault "preferred to have one king than sixty."[1]

Robespierre's guards searched Renault's clothing and basket and found the knives purposed to kill Robespierre, miscellaneous papers, and her fresh change of clothing.[3] After placing her under arrest, Robespierre and his guards correlated this assassination attempt to recent attempts during Reign of Terror. This included most notably the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat by Charlotte Corday in 1793.[1]

Renault's interrogators also suggested that her assassination plot was a retaliation effort. Her lover had recently been sentenced to death via guillotine by the Committee of Public Safety.[1]

Trial and Execution

Renault was further interrogated and claimed that the extra clothing was for her stay in prison if she was apprehended. Renault also insisted that "she never designed harm against any living being." She further claimed that she expected to be guillotined and wished to have a decent dress for the occasion. She was given rags to wear during her imprisonment. Renault, her family members, and other associates who knew her but were all unknowing of the assassination plot were given red shirts to wear as a mark of assassins and murderers.[4] Robespierre included Renault's father, brother and aunt in her trial, noted as accomplices to the assassination attempt. All three were sentenced to death. There exists debate among historians if Renault carried any weapons with her or if this attempt was solely ill-fated fervor. Her admittance to being a royalist supporter is considered to support the existence of her hidden knives.[3]

Renault's trial was overseen by Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville, who was heckled by Renault regarding the charges and mocked the council conducting her trial. Renault was said to have shown distress only briefly during her climb to the scaffold. She then smiled, and approached the scaffold gleefully when her turn at the guillotine arrived.[3] The Execution of Cecile Renault and her family members and friends was seen by the Committee of Public Safety as a Royalist conspiracy.[3]

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gollark: You do use pilots for takeoff and landing, but I don't know how required that is.
gollark: They're better at it. Since the sky is predictable and mostly empty.
gollark: Planes can mostly autopilot themselves.
gollark: You just point the pointy end vaguely toward the horizon and press W and S to keep it there.

References
  1. de Lemartine, Alphonse (1848). Heroic Women of the French Revolution. London: H.G Clark and Company. p. 138.
  2. "Citizens", Simon Schama, p. 707.
  3. Thiers, Marie Joseph L. Adolphe (1838). The history of the French Revolution, tr. with notes by F. Shoberl. Oxford University.
  4. MacFarlane, Charles (1843). The Pictorial History of England. London: Charles Knight and co., 22, Ludgate Street. p. 429.
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