Bubo

A bubo (Greek βουβών, boubôn, 'groin') is adenitis or inflammation of the lymph nodes and is an example of reactive lymphadenopathy.[1]

For other uses, see Bubo (disambiguation).
Buboes on the leg, caused by bubonic plague

Classification

Buboes are a symptom of bubonic plague, and occur as painful swellings in the thighs, neck, groin or armpits.[2] They are caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria spreading from flea bites through the bloodstream to the lymph nodes, where the bacteria replicate, causing the nodes to swell.[3] Plague buboes may turn black and necrotic, rotting away the surrounding tissue, or they may rupture, discharging large amounts of pus.[3] Infection can spread from buboes around the body, resulting in other forms of the disease such as pneumonic plague.[4]

Management

Plague patients whose buboes swell to such a size that they burst tend to survive the disease.[3] Before the discovery of antibiotics, doctors often drained buboes to save patients.[3][5]

Buboes are also symptoms of other diseases, such as chancroid and lymphogranuloma venereum.[6][7] In these conditions, a two-week course of antibiotics is the recommended treatment, and incision and drainage or excision of the swollen lymph nodes is best avoided.[8][9] However, aspiration may sometimes be performed to prevent buboes from rupturing.[9] Although incision and drainage yields better results in such cases, since usually no further intervention is necessary, whereas repeat aspirations may be required, incision and drainage wounds may heal more slowly, increasing the risk of secondary infection.[9]

gollark: It should be okay with regexes or something non-turing-complete.
gollark: Hold on, I can probably make a much nicer one.
gollark: It's kind of bad.
gollark: ```python#!/bin/env python3chars = [chr(n) for n in range(126)]firstchar = chars[0]lastchar = chars[len(chars) - 1]def increment_char(character): return chr(ord(character) + 1)def old_increment_string(string_to_increment): reversed_string = list(reversed(string_to_increment)) # Reverse the string for easier work. for rindex, char in enumerate(reversed_string): if char == lastchar: # If we can't increment this char further, try the next ones. reversed_string[rindex] = firstchar # Set the current char back to the first one. reversed_string[rindex + 1] = increment_char(reversed_string[rindex + 1]) # Increment the next one along. else: # We only want to increment ONE char, unless we need to "carry". reversed_string[rindex] = increment_char(reversed_string[rindex]) break return ''.join(list(reversed(reversed_string)))def increment_string(to_increment): reversed_string = list(to_increment) # Reverse the string for easier work. for rindex, char in enumerate(reversed_string): if char == lastchar: # If we can't increment this char further, try the next ones. reversed_string[rindex] = firstchar # Set the current char back to the first one. reversed_string[rindex + 1] = increment_char(reversed_string[rindex + 1]) # Increment the next one along. else: # We only want to increment ONE char, unless we need to "carry". reversed_string[rindex] = increment_char(reversed_string[rindex]) break return ''.join(list(reversed_string))def string_generator(): length = 0 while 1: length += 1 string = chars[0] * length while True: try: string = increment_string(string) except IndexError: # Incrementing has gone out of the char array, move onto next length break yield string```
gollark: Except it enumerates all possible ASCII strings instead.

References
  1. Drancourt, Michel; Piarroux, Renaud; Bitam, Idir; Mouffok, Nadjet; Raoult, Didier (2013-01-01). "Plague: History and contemporary analysis". Journal of Infection. 66 (1): 18–26. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2012.09.010. ISSN 0163-4453. PMID 23041039.
  2. Paul, Slack (2012). Plague: a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780199589548. OCLC 749871251.
  3. Orent, Wendy (2004). Plague : the mysterious past and terrifying future of the world's most dangerous disease. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0743236850. OCLC 54034997.
  4. Isberg, Ralph R.; Davis, Kimberly M. (2014-09-18). "Plague's Partners in Crime". Immunity. 41 (3): 347–349. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.09.003. ISSN 1074-7613. PMID 25238090.
  5. Nesfield, V.B. (1911). "The treatment of bubonic plague by the immediate incision of the glands". The Lancet. 178 (4601): 1262–1264. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)42126-X.
  6. Lewis, D. A. (2003-02-01). "Chancroid: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 79 (1): 68–71. doi:10.1136/sti.79.1.68. ISSN 1368-4973. PMC 1744597. PMID 12576620.
  7. Morse, Stephen A.; Holmes, King K.; Moreland, Adele A.; Ballard, Ronald C. (2011). Atlas of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS (4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 9780702047640. OCLC 761212082.
  8. "Guidelines for the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections. February 2004: 2. TREATMENT OF STI-ASSOCIATED SYNDROMES: 2.2. Genital ulcer: Inguinal bubo" (PDF). apps.who.int. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
  9. Lewis, David A (2014). "Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi – a disappearing pathogen?". Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 12 (6): 687–696. doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.892414. ISSN 1478-7210. PMID 24597521.
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