Brachytarsophrys carinense

Brachytarsophrys carinense (common names: Burmese horned toad, Karin Hills frog, and many others) is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae.[2] It is now understood to include Brachytarsophrys platyparietus of China. Defined this way, its distribution area includes southern Myanmar and the adjacent Thailand and southern China.[2]

Brachytarsophrys carinense
Brachytarsophrys carinense

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Megophryidae
Genus: Brachytarsophrys
Species:
B. carinense
Binomial name
Brachytarsophrys carinense
(Boulenger, 1889)
Synonyms

Leptobrachium carinense Boulenger, 1889
Brachytarsophrys carinensis Boulenger, 1889
Brachytarsophrys platyparietus Rao and Yang, 1997[2]

In Thailand, it is found in Doi Suthep–Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province[3] and in Khao Nan National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province.

Taxonomy

Brachytarsophrys platyparietus Rao & Yang, 1997 is now considered a synonym of Brachytarsophrys carinense.[2] This taxon represented the Chinese component of the present B. carinense. In 2004 the International Union for Conservation of Nature assessed Brachytarsophrys platyparietus to be of "Least concern".[4]

Description

Brachytarsophrys carinense are large frogs, particularly females: males grow to about 89 mm (3.5 in) and females to about 137 mm (5.4 in) in snout-vent length. Tadpoles are small in comparison, up to 42 mm (1.7 in) in length.[5]

Habitat and conservation

Brachytarsophrys carinense are associated with forest streams where their larvae develop. In China it is common where it occurs, whereas in Myanmar and Thailand it is considered to be uncommon to rare.[1][4]

The species is widespread and there are no major threats, but it is potentially threatened by habitat loss.[1] In China it is collected for local consumption, but at present this is not a major threat.[4]

Behavior

When disturbed, it produces a distress call that is a loud scream lasting 6 to 10 seconds long.[3][6][7][8]

gollark: "Wait, is it `DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?` or do I need to get their UUID from the usermappings microservice" - Discord team
gollark: <@!422087909634736160> @everyone EMERGENCY ALERT | Please read this carefully: An important warning, Look out for a Discord user by the name of "Tetris 99" with the tag #6006. He is going around sending pointless messages containing <@!422087909634736160> pings to random Discord servers, and those who listen to his messages may repeat them and become a victim as well. Spread the word and send this to as many Discord servers as you can. If you see this user, DO NOT listen to their message and immediately block them. Please stay safe. SEND THIS TO ALL THE SERVERS YOU ARE IN. THIS IS IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!!!!!¡!!!!!!!!!!!!!¡!!!!!!!!!!¡¡!1¡¡1!/⸘
gollark: Besides, surely real 1337 h4xx0rs could use multiple accounts.
gollark: Ah yes. Of course. Such emergency. Much wow.
gollark: Most of the times I've seen when random users tried to do that, it did *not* warrant alerting everyone.

References
  1. van Dijk, P.P. & Ohler, A. (2004). "Brachytarsophrys carinense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved 16 March 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Brachytarsophrys carinense (Boulenger, 1889)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  3. Daengsri, Siriwat and Worapot Boonkhuamdee. 2008. Self-defence techniques of the Burmese Horned Frog Brachytarsophrys carinensis (Anura: Megophryidae). [พฤติกรรมการป้องกันศัตรูของอึ่งกรายข้างแถบ (Brachytarsophrys carinensis)]. Ecological Notes, Vol.2, No.2 (Apr.-Jun. 2008):27-29. Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research.
  4. Lau, M.W.N. (2004). "Brachytarsophrys platyparietus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved 16 March 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  5. Fei, L. (1999). Atlas of Amphibians of China (in Chinese). Zhengzhou: Henan Press of Science and Technology. pp. 102–104. ISBN 7-5349-1835-9.
  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJEBrriRPnk
  7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Bz8g5Omt7A
  8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCRVzLak2co
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