Giant cichlid

Giant cichlid
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cichliformes
Family:	Cichlidae
Subfamily:	Pseudocrenilabrinae
Tribe:	Boulengerochromini; Takahashi, 2003
Genus:	Boulengerochromis; Pellegrin, 1904
Species:	B. microlepis
Binomial name
	Boulengerochromis microlepis; (Boulenger, 1899)

The giant cichlid (Boulengerochromis microlepis), also known as the emperor cichlid, is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae, endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa.[2][3] It is the only member of its genus Boulengerochromis and tribe Boulengerochromini.[4]

Appearance, habitat and behavior

Males reach a length up to 90 cm (3.0 ft) and females up to 75 cm (2.5 ft), possibly making it the largest extant species of cichlid;[5] only the speckled peacock bass (Cichla temensis) of South America attains similar sizes as an adult.[6]

The giant cichlid is endemic to Lake Tanganyika, where it occurs in portions of the lake controlled by Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia.[1] Within this range it is a relatively common species found in coastal areas to depths of 100 m (330 ft).[1] Adults are chiefly piscivorous while juveniles are omnivores; they also display habitat differences related to age, with adults living in small pelagic foraging groups when not spawning while juveniles use shallower, rock strewn waters for the protective cover they provide.[3] They are occasionally offered for sale as aquarium fish, but their enormous adult size makes them ill suited for all but the largest private and public aquariums.[7]

Taxonomy and etymology

The species was originally described as Tilapia microlepis by George Albert Boulenger in 1899. Realizing that it was not a tilapia, the genus Boulengerochromis was coined in 1904 by Jacques Pellegrin.

The generic name of this species is a compound noun, made up of the surname Boulenger, in honour of the Belgian born herpetologist and ichthyologist George Albert Boulenger (1858-1937), and the Greek word chromis which was used by Aristotle for a type of fish. This was probably the drum Sciaenidae and may be derived from the word chroemo which means "to neigh" in reference to the noise made by drums. This word was applied to a number of percomorph fishes, such as damselfish, cardinalfish, dottybacks, wrasses and cichilds, by ichthyologists as these were thought to be closely related.[8]

gollark: There are COBOL/JS bindings so I can do it incrementally.

gollark: You are right. I will rewrite everything in COBOL. Bye for several years.

gollark: Also, if you `rm -r` your node_modules folder and it's hardlinked to a bunch of other ones you may break things.

gollark: Technically, no, but bees and all.

gollark: If you have a folder `bees` with a folder `a` inside it and a hardlink `b` to that, apparently `du` will count it twice.

References

Bigirimana, C. 2005. Boulengerochromis microlepis. 2006 Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 4 August 2007.
Boulengerochromis microlepis FishBase (2006) Eds. Froese, R. and D. Pauly. fishbase.org version (07/2014).
SeriouslyFish: Boulengerochromis microlepis. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
Meyer, Matchiner, Salburger, Britta, Michael, Walter (2015). "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83: 56–71. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009. PMC 4334724. PMID 25433288.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Bailey, M. (13 June 2016). The 10 biggest cichlids. Practical Fishkeeping. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Reis, P. (2015), Aspects of life history of Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) and its relationship to the Amazon basin's flood pulse, Rutgers University
https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/boulengerochromis-microlepis/
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 July 2018). "Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily PSEUDOCRENILABRINAE (a-g)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 22 January 2019.

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[iucn-1] Bigirimana, C. 2005. Boulengerochromis microlepis. 2006 Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 4 August 2007.

[fishbase-2] Boulengerochromis microlepis FishBase (2006) Eds. Froese, R. and D. Pauly. fishbase.org version (07/2014).

[seriouslyfish-3] SeriouslyFish: Boulengerochromis microlepis. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

[4] Meyer, Matchiner, Salburger, Britta, Michael, Walter (2015). "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83: 56–71. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009. PMC 4334724. PMID 25433288.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] Bailey, M. (13 June 2016). The 10 biggest cichlids. Practical Fishkeeping. Retrieved 17 March 2017.

[Reis2015-6] Reis, P. (2015), Aspects of life history of Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) and its relationship to the Amazon basin's flood pulse, Rutgers University

[7] ttps://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/boulengerochromis-microlepis/

[ETYFish-8] Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 July 2018). "Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily PSEUDOCRENILABRINAE (a-g)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 22 January 2019.