Bonkyll Castle

Bonkyll Castle
	Berwickshire Scotland
	The remains of Bonkyll Castle
	Bonkyll Castle
Coordinates	55.8284°N 2.31131°W
Type	Castle of Enceinte
Height	1-3m present day
Site information
Owner	Private
Open to; the public	No
Condition	ruined
Site history
Built	11th century
Built by	Bonkyl, Stewart, Douglas
In use	11th–16th centuries
Materials	Stone

Bonkyll Castle (also variously spelled Bonkyl, Boncle, Buncle, Bunkle or Bonkill) was a medieval fortress situated in the historic Scottish county of Berwickshire, from 1973 the Scottish Borders. It is situated 4 miles north of Duns and 4 miles south of Grantshouse. Few traces survive and the site is protected as a scheduled monument.[1] It was the seat of a junior branch of the Stewart family, known as "Stewart of Bonkyl", from which was descended in another junior branch "Stewart of Darnley", the paternal family of King James I & VI of Scotland and England.

Description

Excepting the motte on which it stood, and a small section of curtain wall there is little left of the structure of what was once a very powerful castle of enceinte.

Descent

de Bonkyll

Canting arms of de Bonkyll of Bonkyll Castle: Gules, three buckles or[2]

The seat of the powerful barony of Bonkyll, the castle originally belonged to the de Bonkyll family, which took its name. Their canting arms were three buckles.[3] The last in the male line was Sir Alexander de Bonkyll, whose daughter and heiress Margaret de Bonkyl married Sir John Stewart (d.1298).

Stewart of Bonkyll

Arms of John Stewart of Bonkyll (d. 1298): Arms of Stewart, Hereditary High Steward of Scotland differenced by overall a bend gules charged with three buckles or,[4] the buckles being the canting arms of the de Bonkyll family

Sir John Stewart (d.1298), who married Margaret de Bonkyll, heiress of Bonkyll, is thereafter known in history as "John Stewart of Bonkyll". He was the 2nd son of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland. He adopted as a difference to his paternal arms a bend gules charged with three buckles,[5] the buckles being the canting arms of the de Bonkyll family. The castle was slighted in the course of the First War of Independence.
Sir Alexander Stewart of Bonkyll (d.1319), son.
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Angus (d.1331), son, who in 1328 married Margaret de Abernethy, the heiress of the Lordship of Abernethy. In 1329 King Robert I of Scotland created him Earl of Angus. He thus controlled broad territories in Berwickshire, Angus, and Kinross-shire.
Thomas Stewart, 2nd Earl of Angus (b.pre-1331-1361), son, who died without male issue, leaving a daughter and heiress Margaret Stewart.
- Margaret Stewart (d.1417), daughter and sole heiress, who inherited the Earldom of Angus and Lordship of Abernethy, and Bunkle Castle. She had an illicit affair with William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, by whom she had a son George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus.

Douglas, Earls of Angus

From the Countess Margaret's death in 1417 Bunkle passed to her son George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus, with whose descendants it remained until the late 18th century.

Earls of Home

In the late 18th century ownership of Bunkle Castle passed to the Earls of Home.

In rhyme

A popular Berwickshire rhyme refers to the medieval strengths of Bonkyll and the nearby fortresses of Billie Castle, and Blanerne Castle referring to their construction in the time of David I:

Bunkle, Billie and Blanerne
Three castles strong as airn
Built when Davie was a bairn
They'll all gang doon,
Wi' Scotland's Croon
And ilka ane shall be a cairn

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References

Historic Environment Scotland. "Bunkle Castle (SM2407)". Retrieved 21 February 2019.
Three buckles per: Johnston, G. Harvey, The Heraldry of the Stewarts, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47. Tinctures assumed to be: Gules, three buckles or, tinctures used in arms of their successors, Stewart of Bonkyll, also in the arms of Stuart of Darnley (a junior branch of Stewart of Bonkyll), Seigneurs d'Aubigny, and by the Ducs d'Aubigny, created by the King of France at the request of King Charles II of England (himself the senior representative of Stewart of Darnley, Earls of Lennox) for his mistress Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth
Johnston, G. Harvey, The Heraldry of the Stewarts, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47
Johnston, G. Harvey, The Heraldry of the Stewarts, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47
Johnston, G. Harvey, The Heraldry of the Stewarts, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47

External links

1862 Ordnance Survey map of Bunkle Castle and Kirk - National Library of Scotland

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[1] Historic Environment Scotland. "Bunkle Castle (SM2407)". Retrieved 21 February 2019.

[2] Three buckles per: Johnston, G. Harvey, The Heraldry of the Stewarts, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47. Tinctures assumed to be: Gules, three buckles or, tinctures used in arms of their successors, Stewart of Bonkyll, also in the arms of Stuart of Darnley (a junior branch of Stewart of Bonkyll), Seigneurs d'Aubigny, and by the Ducs d'Aubigny, created by the King of France at the request of King Charles II of England (himself the senior representative of Stewart of Darnley, Earls of Lennox) for his mistress Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth

[3] Johnston, G. Harvey, The Heraldry of the Stewarts, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47

[4] Johnston, G. Harvey, The Heraldry of the Stewarts, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47

[5] Johnston, G. Harvey, The Heraldry of the Stewarts, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47