Body image (medicine)

Body image is a medical term, often used in the context of describing a patient's cognitive perception of their own body. The medical concept began with the work of the Austrian neuropsychiatrist and psychoanalyst Paul Schilder, described in his book The Image and Appearance of the Human Body first published in 1935.

Body image flexibility

Body image and body image flexibility greatly impact on body acceptance and also body dissatisfaction.

Medical applications

In psychology, it typically refers to one's perceptions, beliefs, and emotional attitudes towards one's body.[1] The concept is used to discuss various pathologies and disorder, such as anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, body integrity identity disorder and various post-stroke conditions like somatoparaphrenia, and unilateral neglect.

Body image problems may also manifest themselves in psychopathologies like schizophrenia and the Cotard delusion. Although it is often confused with the term 'body schema', which concerns postural and motor control, 'body image' is distinct from the former phenomena.[2]

Measures

Feel status minus Actual status Inconsistency

FAI (Feel status minus Actual status Inconsistency) index is used to assess someone’s weight perception. FAI scores range from -3 to +3: Negative FAI values mean weight status underestimation, positive FAI values mean weight status overestimation and a FAI score of 0 means a realistic perception of one’s weight status. One study found that women tend to have positive FAI values (overestimating their weight) while men had negative FAI values (underestimating their weight) [3]

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References

Cash, S.; Brown, T.A. (1987). "Body image in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A review of the literature". Behavior Modification. 11: 487–521. doi:10.1177/01454455870114005.
Gallagher, S. (2006). How the body shapes the mind. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-920416-0.
Zaccagni L (Feb 2014). "Body image and weight perceptions in relation to actual measurements by means of a new index and level of physical activity in Italian university students". J Transl Med. 12: 42. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-12-42. PMC 3923553. PMID 24512483.

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[Cash-1] Cash, S.; Brown, T.A. (1987). "Body image in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A review of the literature". Behavior Modification. 11: 487–521. doi:10.1177/01454455870114005.

[Gallagherbook-2] Gallagher, S. (2006). How the body shapes the mind. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-920416-0.

[pmid_=_24512483-3] Zaccagni L (Feb 2014). "Body image and weight perceptions in relation to actual measurements by means of a new index and level of physical activity in Italian university students". J Transl Med. 12: 42. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-12-42. PMC 3923553. PMID 24512483.