Bodufenvalhuge Sidi
Bodufenvalhuge Sidi or Assayyidhu Bodufenvalhugey Seedhee (1888 - 1970), was a Maldivian intellectual and writer.[1]
Biography
Bodufenvalhuge Sidi, born on 19 May 1888 as Hussain el-Hussaini, was the son of Bodufenvalhuge Don Manike and Mohamed Kuda Sidi. He was a poet, and also at one time chief justice. He married eight ladies and had five surviving children from four of these marriages. His first wife was Bodugalhuge Aysha Didi, daughter of Bodugaluge Lhatuttu Didi. Among his descendants are Ahmed Mujuthaba and Mohamed Mustafa, who are both prominent in Maldivian administration and politics.
Sidi spent several years of his youth in Addu Atoll with his maternal relatives. Addu Atoll was the main centre of learning in the Maldives at that time, the turn of the 20th century. He was educated there by a well-known master and relative, Elhageì Abdullahi Didi, son of Ganduvaru Hasan Didi, also known as Don Beyya of Meedhu. He was credited with many of the developments in Maldivian poetry in the 20th century. He was the last major poet to write in the Maldivian poetic style called raivaru, and one of the first poets to write in the style called lhen. His early poems were mainly political satire.
In 1925, an attempt was made to depose Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen III in favour of Prince Abdulla Imaduddin, son of the deposed King Siri Kula Sundhura Katthiri Bavana (Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI). The deposed king was exiled in Egypt while Abdulla Imaduddine was on a visit to Malé from Egypt. The attempt was foiled in February 1925 and Abdulla Imaduddine was deported to Egypt. The other conspirators were banished to various atolls of the Maldives. Sidi, the most well-educated and widely respected of the conspirators, was accused of masterminding the plot. He denied the charge and claimed that he advised strongly against the timing and the modus operandi in the plot. He engaged in a hunger strike and refused to answer any questions, saying that he had done nothing wrong. After he had agreed to take his food, he insisted on homemade food. He was successful in having this wish granted, and at every meal time his brother-in-law Beruge Yoosuf Fulhu turned up with his meals and waited there while he ate. Bodufenvalhuge Sidi was implying that he did not trust the Maldivian authorities.
In such cases the authorities usually meted out summary justice. The victim would be taken outside and given a thorough flogging with a cat-o-nine-tails until he was covered in blood, then lonumirus (chilli paste) would be applied to his wounds and he would be banished to a remote island. In Sidi's case they were reluctant to do so because the British had become aware of the situation. The Maldives was then a British protectorate even though the British were bound by a treaty not to interfere in internal affairs.[2]
Bodufenvalhuge Sidi was banished to Hulhudheli in a southern atoll. Many of his maternal relatives from Addu Atoll regularly stopped at that island for provisions and water on their way to and from Malé. The authorities became suspicious and decided to send him to Maamakunudhu, the remotest of the northern islands.
In exile in Maamakunudhu, he continued to pursue his literary work and wrote much of his poetry. It was there that he adopted his pen name of "Himaarul Qowm" or "Donkey of the Nation". He distributed his poetry, then banned by the government, to his associates in Malé through an ex-wife, Maavaa Kileygefaanu Ganduvaru Goma, and his sister Bodufenvalhuge Don Didi.
Sidi remained on Maamakunudu Island for eight years until he was pardoned in a general amnesty following the forced abdication of King Shamsuddin. Upon arrival in Malé he was appointed Chief Justice. He was also appointed to the Council of Regency that ruled in the absence of a sultan. After returning to Malé, he continued to write poetry and a few novels and other books.
He was the last known person with a working knowledge of the older Maldive script called Dhives Akuru. Sidi was one of the very few Maldivian people of modern times who understood the now-forgotten ancient Divehi letters in which parts of royal grants, warrants and deeds were written. He learnt this ancient Dhivehi writing systems in Addu Atoll. Until early in the twentieth century, all government correspondence to and from Addu Atoll was written using these ancient Divehi letters.
Apart from a stint in politics as the Minister of Education, Bodufenvalhuge Sidi remained in the legal/ecclesiastical professions. His literary work gradually became less radical and more conventional with age.
Bodufenvalhuge Sidi died in Malé on 2 June 1970.
Works
Best known among his novels were Dillygey Ibrahim Didi ge Vaahaka and Maa Makunudu Bodu Isa ge Vaahaka. He also published a treatise on Maldive poetry called Divehi Lhen Hedumuge Masaikaiyterikamuge Ran Taraadu.
In 1959, during Sultan Mohammed Farid’s reign, former Prime Minister (and later President) Ibrahim Nasir expressed a wish to have a book written about the former Maldivian script, which by that time was largely ignored by Maldivians. Thus, he contacted Sidi, who swiftly obliged and wrote Dhivehi Akuru. By means of this small book Sidi wanted to clearly show that in ancient times Maldivians were writing from left to right in their own script. Hence, Dhivehi Akuru is perhaps the only book ever written in Thaana that opens from the left side. The last chapter of this book shows a text where the Divehi Akuru are accompanied with Arabic script. As the reader acquainted with Maldivian writing can see, this book is Volume 1 (evvana bai). Perhaps Sidi intended to publishing a second, or perhaps even a third volume on the subject, but unfortunately this important Maldivian learned man died before being able to do so.[3]
Even though H.C.P. Bell did a very careful and thorough research on the Maldivian documents, Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir’s intention was to have a book on the ancient script of the Maldives written by a Maldivian. Nasir's request to Sidi was done in order to clarify Bell’s misinterpretations, no matter how few. A staunch Maldivian nationalist, Nasir took this issue as a matter of national pride.
Present day members of Maldivian cultural institutions are aware of the lacunae in Bell's research and of Sidi's valuable contribution to mend matters, but little has been done to correct those inaccuracies. Still, Bell’s broad and valuable contributions to the study of the Maldivian language and scripts should not be underestimated.
Notes
- This article uses material from our website www.maldivesroyalfamily.com without giving us credit. We have no objections for the use of our intellectual property in the public domain, as long as proper citation is given.
- Iyye, Yesterday - An unsuccessful revolt in an attempt to regain rule; Abdul Hakeem Hussein Manik
- Xavier Romero-Frias, The Maldive Islanders, A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom. Barcelona 1999.
Bodufenvalhuge Sidi. Divehi Akuru; Evvana Bai. Malé 1958. Reprinted and edited by Xavier Romero-Frias with an introduction and Appendixes by the editor.