Bindahara phocides

Bindahara phocides, the plane,[1][2] is a small butterfly found Indomalayan (including Sri Lanka, India)[1] and Australasian realms that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.[1][2][3]

Plane
Bindahara phocides isabella Indonesia
Bindahara phocides moorei Ceylon Courvoisier Collection, Basel
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Lycaenidae
Genus:
Bindahara
Species:
B. phocides
Binomial name
Bindahara phocides
(Fabricius 1793)

Description
For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.

Male. Upperside dark fuliginous-brown. Forewing without markings. lllndwing with the tail, anal lobe, and a small anal patch dull ochreous; a small indistinct spot on the anal lobe. Underside pale ochreous-brown. Forewing, a black spot at the base of the cell, a dark brown, broad, outwardly curved band with irregular ochreous edges, from the costal nervure to a little below the median vein, crossing the cell somewhat beyond its middle, with pale indications of its continuation hindwards, a pale brown line, edged on both sides with ochreous at the end of the cell; a dark brown, broad discal band, from the costa to a little below the sub-median vein, composed of conjoined squarish spots, the first four outwardly oblique, the others commencing a little inwards nearly straight down the wing, narrowing gradually hindwards; indications of a pale brown, sub-marginal, double series of lunular marks. Hindwing with a basal blackish-brown spot, a larger one immediately below the costal vein, two smaller ones in a line below it, two conjoined spots closing the cell, a discal very irregular band, commencing from the costal vein where there is a large square blackish-brown spot attached to it below, half outwards is a similar spot, with a smaller blackish-brown spot attached to its lower side half outwards; these are followed by a curiously formed series of five small paler spots, the first well outside, a parallel pair below it and another similar pair below and inwards; then there is an indistinct pair below these joined on the inner side to a heart-shaped pale spot with brown edges, with a curving sinuous brown line attached, which bends inwards and upwards near the abdominal margin at its middle and runs up it to the base in a series of indistinct spots, all edged with ochreous; a sub-terminal series of lunules enclosing two blackish spots with scattered metallic greenish scales and a prominent black spot on the anal lobe, all of which vary much in different examples, and are sometimes obscure. Antennse black, paler on the underside, with white dots; head and body above and below concolorous with the wings. Female. Upperside brown, with a bronzy gloss in certain lights, a pure white patch divided by the brown veins, on the lower end of the hindwing, margined outwardly with a blackish anteciliary line, containing a large black round spot at the base of the tail on the outer side and another smaller and less distinct spot on the inner side, a black spot on the anal lobe. Underside white, bauds and spots paler than in the male, but similarly disposed.

— Charles Swinhoe, Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. IX[3]

Subspecies

The subspecies are:[2]

  • B. p. phocides Sikkim - Myanmar, South Yunnan
  • B. p. fumata (Röber, 1887) Sulawesi, Talaud, Banggai, Sula
  • B. p. moorei Fruhstorfer, 1904 Sri Lanka, south India[1]
"Male and female, similar to the nominate subspecies above and below in both sexes, except that on the upperside of the hindwing there is a narrow, terminal blue-green band from near the apex to vein 2."[3]
  • B. p. phocas Staudinger, 1889 Palawan
  • B. p. chromis (Mathew, 1887) Bismarck Archipelago, Solomons
  • B. p. isabella (Felder, 1860) Cape York - Townsvill
  • B. p. origenes Fruhstorfer, 1912 Philippines (Mindanao)

Biology

The larva feeds on Salacia.

gollark: That wouldn't make sense unless you actually have a pointer type, surely.
gollark: And if it's not bidirectional you can just require messages to be cryptographically signed and drop a lot of complex bits.
gollark: In this situation you can even avoid the bootstrapping-y issues of P2P networks as you can probably just connect back to whoever infected you.
gollark: But making your own probably wildly insecure P2P network to propagate commands is cooler!
gollark: I suppose you *could* do that.

See also

References
  1. R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
  2. Savela, Markku. "Bindahara phocides (Fabricius, 1793)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  3. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a work now in the public domain: Swinhoe, Charles (1911–1912). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. IX. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 24–26.CS1 maint: date format (link)
  • Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
  • Gaonkar, Harish (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System. Bangalore, India: Centre for Ecological Sciences.
  • Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
  • Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
  • Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
  • Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.


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