Bill Robertson (Australian intelligence officer)

William ("Bill") Thomas Robertson CBE MC (2 February 1917 – 2 January 2011) was one of the founders of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), formed in 1952 though its existence was kept secret, and served as the agency's fourth Director-General from 1968 until he was sacked by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in controversial circumstances in 1975. He also served in World War II as an infantry officer and the chief of staff of an Australian and two British divisions.[1][2][3][4]

Military service

When he was a captain in the Australian Army, Robertson was wounded during the capture of Tobruk from Italian forces.[5] After this incident, Robertson was posted in Greece to fight against German forces.[6] Later in New Guinea, by now promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and filling a senior liaison officer role, Robertson was ordered to inspect the US Army perimeter at Buna. Robertson was unsatisfied with what he saw, and reported his observations to General Edmund Herring, and General Richard K. Sutherland who was also present at the time.[7] Consequently, Douglas MacArthur made changes to the US Army command at Buna.

In August 1943, Robertson was again promoted, this time to the position of General Staff Officer Grade 1 (GSO1) to George Vasey, and Commanding Officer of the 7th AIF Division. During the Salamaua-Lae campaign, Vasey sent Robertson to Port Moresby to seek better relations with the US Army, and his manner was said to have surprised both the USAAF's General George Kenney and General Frank Berryman. Robertson later wrote to Vasey that he had succeeded in his task. Robertson, as Vasey's senior staff officer, was later involved in an operation following the capture of a Japanese order document.[8]

During World War II, Robertson served in Europe with the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division, a British Army formation, in March 1944.[9][10] He was then sent to the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, another British Army formation, while the division was engaged in the Battle of Normandy.

Dismissal from Director-General of ASIS

On becoming informed of a CIA operation in Chile in February 1973 which involved ASIS, the then Labor Prime Minister Gough Whitlam signed a document ordering the closure of ASIS operations in Chile. It appears, however, that ASIS agents did not leave Chile until October 1973, after the CIA-backed 1973 Chilean coup d'état had brought down the Allende Government. Whitlam accused Robertson of disobeying instructions by delaying the closure of the ASIS station in Chile.

In the lead up to Indonesia’s invasion of East Timor in 1975, ASIS paid a Dili-based Australian businessman Frank Favaro for information on local political developments. The leaking of his identity in late 1975 led to another confrontation between Whitlam and Robertson.[11][12]

These incidents led to Whitlam sacking Robertson on 21 October 1975, with effect on 7 November, just 4 days before Whitlam's own dismissal in the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, although Robertson disputes the reason for his dismissal in documents lodged with the National Archives in 2009.[13]

gollark: Technically, yes.
gollark: So you're suggesting we do it...?
gollark: The commune sort of thing probably worked well for hunter gatherer tribes, but not massively complex large interdependent modern societies.
gollark: Political responses to hard questions from my die project:- dispute terminology- national security/children (this was, paraphrased slightly, literally how my local MP justified the investigatory powers bill)- leave, live on pension (e.g. David Cameron)- Answer some other question to what was asked- invent or misreport some statistics about it- find a scapegoat (such as immigrants, or new technology, or the opposition/last party)- no comment- deny what you just saidComing in v3, Dodecahedral Edition:- delay as long as possible[3 more submissions wanted!]
gollark: I said earlier, communism scales poorly, did you not listen.

References
  1. Robertson, Malcolm (7 January 2011). "War hero founded spy agency". The Age. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  2. "Lieutenant-Colonel Bill Robertson". The Telegraph. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  3. Downer, Alexander. "Australian Secret Intelligence Service". Questions in Writing. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  4. Obituary, Courier Mail
  5. Volume I – To Benghazi
  6. Volume II – Greece, Crete and Syria
  7. Volume V – South–West Pacific Area
  8. Volume V – South–West Pacific Area
  9. Converse, p. 185
  10. Volume VII – The Final Campaigns
  11. "ASIS – Favaro affair". Nautilus Institute. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  12. "Intelligence boss showed strength". The Age. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  13. Suich, Max (20 March 2010). "Spymaster stirs spectre of covert foreign activities". The Australian. Retrieved 30 October 2016.

Bibliography
  • Converse, Alan (2011). Armies of Empire: The 9th Australian and 50th British Divisions in Battle 1939–1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521194806.
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