Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad)

"The Big Four" was the name popularly given to the famous and influential businessmen, philanthropists and railroad tycoons who built the Central Pacific Railroad, (C.P.R.R.), which formed the western portion through the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains of the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States, built from the mid-continent at the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean during the middle and late 1860s.[1] Composed of Leland Stanford, (1824–1893), Collis Potter Huntington, (1821–1900), Mark Hopkins (1813–1878), and Charles Crocker, (1822–1888), the four themselves, however, personally preferred to be known as "The Associates."[2]

Membership

Collectively, the four philanthropically also established the Sacramento Library Association for the state capital in Sacramento, California in 1857, which later established the present Sacramento Public Library.[3]

David Hewes, an enterprising businessman, was called the "maker of San Francisco" for his work in clearing land for development. He was invited to be a part of the "Big Four" but declined due to the financial risks. Over his lifetime he gained and lost several fortunes.[4]

In their time, the four men were sometimes referred to as nabobs or "nobs," a reference to their wealth and influence. When the four built mansions in the same neighborhood of San Francisco, the area quickly became known as Nob Hill, a name it carries today.[5]

REPRESENTATIVE MEN OF THE CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD: l.—E. B. Crocker. 2.—C. P. Huntington. 3.—Leland Stanford. 4.—Charles Crocker. 5.—Mark Hopkins. From 1878 "The Pacific tourist"

In Henry T. Williams' The Pacific tourist - Williams' illustrated trans-continental guide of travel, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean published in 1878, the Big Four was replaced by the Five Associates or Representative Men of the Central Pacific Railroad, with Charles Crocker's older brother Judge Edwin B. Crocker (1818-1875), who served as the CPRR attorney from 1865 to 1869, added.

Ambrose Bierce lampooned the "Big Four" in his work "Black Beetles in Amber", a collection of satirical verses attacking various prominent Californians. In "The Birth of the Rail", "road agents" (bandits) Happy Hunty (Huntington), Cowboy Charley (Crocker), and Leland The Kid (Stanford), joined by minor devil Sootymug (Hopkins), give up robbing stage coaches for the much greater loot of railroad operation.[6]

gollark: One basic use is that you can calculate the rate of change of things, because that's basically what the derivative is. For example, velocity is rate of change of displacement, so you can go from displacement to velocity (to acceleration, which is rate of change of velocity, and so on), or integrate to go the other way.
gollark: Having vaguely looked at how they work, I don't think you can do that unless you know the frequency of sound in question.
gollark: Have you tried expanding the brackets?
gollark: Roughly.
gollark: You are unlikely to actually get a good understanding in 10 minutes.

References
  • Ambrose, Stephen E. (2000). Nothing Like It in the World; The men who built the Transcontinental Railroad 1863-1869. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84609-8.
  1. Yenne, Bill (1985). The History of the Southern Pacific. Bison Books. pp. 10–11. ISBN 0-517-46084-X.
  2. Galloway, John Debo, C.E. "The First Transcontinental Railroad" New York: Simmons-Boardman Co. (1950) Ch. 4
  3. "ABOUT US". Sacramento PublicLibrary. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  4. "Camron-Stanford House Preservation Association: David Hewes and family". Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  5. "Nob Hill - A Touch of Class". Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  6. Bierce, Ambrose. "Black Beetles in Amber". Archived from the original on 29 May 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-17.
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