Benedict Wallet Vilakazi

Benedict Wallet Vilakazi (6 January 1906 – 26 October 1947) was a South African Zulu poet, novelist, and educator. In 1946, he became the first black South African to receive a Ph.D.[2] Vilakazi Street in Soweto is named after him and it is now famous as the place where both Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu once lived.

Benedict Wallet Vilakazi
in a gown
Born(1906-01-06)6 January 1906
KwaDukuza, Natal
Died26 October 1947(1947-10-26) (aged 41)
Johannesburg, South Africa
Cause of deathmeningitis
NationalitySouth Africa
Alma materUniversity of South Africa
University of Witwatersrand
Scientific career
FieldsPoet, linguists
InstitutionsUniversity of Witwatersrand
Thesis'Oral and written literature in Nguni.[1]
Doctoral advisorCM Doke

Early life and education

Benedict Vilakazi was born Bambatha kaMshini in 1906 at the Groutville Mission Station near KwaDukuza, Natal (now South Africa), the fifth child of Christian converts Mshini ka Makhwatha and Leah Hlongwane: Mrs Leah Hlongwane Vilakazi, the daughter of Bangile who was the sister of Queen Ngqambuza, wife to Mpande ka Cetshwayo, and also the sister of the Right Reverend J Mdelwa Hlongwane ka Mnyaziwezulu, the son of Chief Matiwane.

Vilakazi split his childhood between herding the family cattle and the local mission school until the age of 10, at which point he transferred to the St. Francis College in Mariannhill, a coeducational Roman Catholic secondary school founded by the local Trappist monastery.[3] Here he was baptized with the name "Benedict Wallet," though at his mother's insistence he kept the family name of Vilakazi. He obtained a teaching certificate in 1923 and taught at Mariannhill and later at a seminary in Ixopo.

Writing, teaching, research

In 1933, Vilakazi released his first novel Nje nempela ("Really and Truly"), one of the first works of Zulu fiction to treat modern subject matter. He followed it in 1935 with the novel Noma nini as well as a poetry collection Inkondlo kaZulu, the first publication of Western-influenced Zulu poetry.

Vilakazi Street is where Mandela House (and Tutu House) is in Soweto

Earning a B.A. from the University of South Africa in 1934, Vilakazi began work in the Bantu studies department at the University of Witwatersrand in 1936 [4] under linguist C. M. Doke, with whom he created a Zulu-English dictionary. Vilakazi's teaching position made him the first black South African to teach white South Africans at the university level.

Vilakazi's later novels continued to explore daily Zulu life, such as UDingiswayo kaJobe (1939) and Nje nempela (1944), the story of a traditionally polygamous household. His poetry, heavily influenced by European Romantic styles, fused rhyme and stanza forms previously unknown in Zulu with elements of the izibongo, traditional praise poetry. His poetry became increasingly political in the course of his life, dramatizing the exploitation of not only the Zulus but of black Africans generally. Both his novels and poetry were well received in his own lifetime and remain so today.

Vilakazi is also noted for his scholarly work on oral tradition and the Zulu and Xhosa languages, which on 16 March 1946, earned him the first Ph.D. to be won by a black South African.

A year after receiving his doctorate, Benedict Wallet Vilakazi died in Johannesburg of meningitis.

Posthumous honors

On 28 April 2016, the Order of Ikhamanga - Gold (OIG) was conferred on Dr Benedict Wallet Vilakazi posthumously‚ for "his exceptional contribution to the field of literature in indigenous languages and the preservation of isiZulu culture".[5]

Legacy
Tutu's house in Vilakazi Street

Vilakazi Street in Soweto is the only street in the world where two Nobel Laureates once lived. It is where Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu once lived and it was named in honour of Vilakazi.[6] Dr B.W. Vilakazi Secondary School in Zola 3, Soweto was named after the late Dr Vilakazi in order to commemorate his legacy. [7]

Works
  • Inkondlo kaZulu (poetry), Witwatersrand University Press (Johannesburg), 1935.
  • Noma nini (novel), Yacindezelwa Emshinini Wasemhlathuzane (Mariannhill, Natal), 1935.
  • UDingiswayo kaJobe (novel), Sheldon Press (London), 1939.
  • Nje nempela (novel), Mariannhill Mission Press (Mariannhill, Natal), 1944.
  • Amal'eZulu (poetry), Witwatersrand University Press, 1945.
  • Zulu-English Dictionary (with C. M. Doke), Witwatersrand University Press, 1948.
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References
  1. http://www.worldcat.org/title/oral-and-written-literature-in-nguni/oclc/49016978
  2. Anonymous (17 February 2011). "Dr. Benedict Wallet Vilakazi". South African History Online. Archived from the original on 20 December 2009. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  3. "St. Francis College - History". Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  4. "Dr. Benedict Wallet Vilakazi". Archived from the original on 7 June 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
  5. "President Jacob Zuma bestows 2016 National Orders Awards, 28 Apr". South African Government. 20 April 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  6. Vilakazi Street Sign, photo on Flickr, accessed July 2013
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