Belonogaster juncea

Belanogaster juncea is a typical quasisocial paper wasp from sub-saharan Africa and south-western Asia. It is the type species for the genus Belonogaster.

Belonogaster juncea
B. j. colonialis, male
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Vespidae
Subfamily: Polistinae
Tribe: Ropalidiini
Genus: Belonogaster
Species:
B. juncea
Binomial name
Belonogaster juncea
(Fabricius, 1781)
Subspecies

Breeding

The nest is similar in form to that of the Polistes paper wasp's nest and is started in a similar way. However, as B. juncea is quasisocial no foundress wasp becomes a dominant queen and all foundresses are full egg-layers, as are any daughters which can mate with males and then join the nest working and laying alongside their mothers.[1] In Cameroon, B. juncea juncea mostly nests in buildings, but nests nave been constructed in the shelter of large boulders. Nests were started throughout the year either by a single female or by groups of two to eight females. Predation and disease meant that only half of the colonies in one study produced at least one adult offspring, and only 10% were able to produce males from the 15% that managed to rear any sexual individuals.

Queen succession

When the original foundress disappears the remaining females fight for dominance, leading to a reduction in breeding success. Almost half of the surviving nests are then abandoned and the average colony lasts about seven months. In small minority of nests, some females remained on the nest and began a new colonial cycle illustrating semi-independence between colony and nesting cycles. The maximum number of successive cycles to be completed in the same nest was four. The queens of B. juncea therefore demonstrate serial polygyny.[2]

Behavioural roles

Studies of B. juncea have discerned four behavioural roles for individual adult wasps in a colony. Reproduction is reserved to one individual and the "workers"’ are divided into foragers, builders and guards. The foragers are females that spend the majority of their time foraging to supply the nest with prey and water. Builders are individuals that will bring wood pulp to the nest and then use it to repair or expand the nest. Guards are those females that spend most of their time being inactive on the nest to defend it and its contents from threats.[3]

Distribution

It ranges through most of Africa south of the Sahara, from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia in East Africa and south to South Africa, including the island of Zanzibar.[4] It also occurs in Asia as far east as India.[5]

Subspecies

There are two subspecies described.[4]

gollark: idea: metacontest to decide on next contest.
gollark: Perhaps moderators?
gollark: Against Lettuce. As he declared war.
gollark: Initiating orbital bee strike.
gollark: It's honest!

References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2012-03-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. Undo M., Mony R. & Dejean A. 2002 Colony development and serial polygyny in the primitively eusocial wasp Belonogaster juncea juncea (Vespidae: Polistinae); Journal of insect behavior; 15 243-252
  3. Tindo M., Turilazzi S. & Dejean A.; 1997, Behavioral role differentiation in the primitively eusocial wasp Belonogaster juncea juncea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae); Journal of insect behaviour 10 571-580
  4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-11-11. Retrieved 2014-09-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. Kojima J.I. & Keeping M.G. (1985); Larvae of Belonogaster juncea colonialis Kohl and B. petiolata (Degeer) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae); Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 48 233-239

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