Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động

The Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động (1426) was the decisive battle in the 14-year Lam Sơn uprising which established Vietnam's independence from Ming China in 1428. The battle took place over three days from 5–7 November 1426 in the Red River Valley between Tốt Động and Chúc Động, two villages of Chương Mỹ District, near Hanoi. Lê Lợi's forces routed the Ming army.[4] Lam Son army had reused the remnant hand cannons of the previous Trần Dynasty in Thanh Hoa effectively against the enemy, caused very high casualties to the Ming army.[5]

Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động
Part of Lam Sơn uprising
Date October 5-7, 1426 Location Tốt Động, Chương Mĩ, Hanoi Result Vietnamese victory
Belligerents
Lam Sơn	Ming Dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Lý Triện Đinh Lễ Đỗ Bí Nguyễn Xí Trương Chiến	Wang Tong Fang Zheng Ma Qi Shan Shou Li An Chen Qia Ma Ying
Strength
6,000[1]	Vietnamese source: 100,000 Chinese source: 54,000
Casualties and losses
no reliable estimates	Vietnamese source: 50,000 killed, 10,000 captured.[2] Chinese source: 20 to 30 thousands killed.[3]

References

1. Geoff Wade, translator, Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource, Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore, http://www.epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/reign/xuan-de/year-1-month-3-day-13
2. 《大越史记全书》、《蓝山实录》
3. 《明史·王通传》
4. Larry H. Addington America's war in Vietnam: a short narrative history 2000 Page 5 - "When Le Loi's forces were finally strong enough to risk a decisive battle at Tot Dong in the Red River valley in 1426, they so routed the Chinese army that two years later China effectively recognized the Viet kingdom's independence by granting it the status of a tributary client"
5. Sun Laichen (2003), "Chinese Military Technology and Dai Viet: c.1390-1597," Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series, No.11, September.