Battery Howe-Wagner

Battery Howe-Wagner (1895-1920) was one of seventeen gun batteries developed in the Endicott Board period which formed the Coastal Artillery defenses at Fort Winfield Scott in the Presidio of San Francisco. It was charged with the coastal and harbor defenses of the City of San Francisco and the San Francisco Bay.

History

Originally named Battery Howe, the battery was built to provide both seaward and harbor defenses against enemy warships. Completed in 1895, the battery consisted of four pits, each armed with four 12-inch mortars. The guns had a range of approximately 8 miles.

In 1902 the battery was divided—the two eastern pits retained the name Battery Howe and the two western pits were renamed Battery Arthur Wagner. Designed in the shaped of a cross, this type of battery is called an "Abbott Cross" after General Henry Larcom Abbot, Corps of Engineers, who advocated the use of mortars for seacoast defense. By contrast, the four other mortar batteries in the Harbor Defenses of San Francisco are linear in design. This battery had a 360-degree field of fire and could target the beaches in its range in addition to water. The mortars were dismounted in 1920.

Naming

Battery Howe was named in honor of Colonel Albion P. Howe, Fourth Artillery, a veteran of the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War who also served in San Francisco.

Battery Wagner was named in honor of Colonel Arthur L. Wagner, military secretary who served in the Spanish–American War.

gollark: <@!111608748027445248> - Too many different things over identical looking physical connectors: a "USB-C" port might support power-delivery *input*, power-delivery *output*, Thunderbolt, two different incompatible kinds of video output, and various speeds from USB 2.0 to USB 3.2 Gen2x2 (whyyy).- The ports on devices can end up wearing out problematically, though I don't know if this is better or worse than on competitors like Lightning or µUSB.- A lot of peripherals still don't support it, though this is hardly *its* fault.- I think the smaller connector means you can't put as much weight on it safely, for bigger USB stick-y devices, though I am not sure about this.
gollark: Eh. Sort of. It has its own problems.
gollark: Also, it's USB-C, so you'll need a cable for that.
gollark: You might also have instability of various kinds.
gollark: Sure?

References


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