Bartolomeo d'Alviano

Bartolomeo d'Alviano (1455 – October 1515) was an Italian condottiero and captain who distinguished himself in the defence of the Venetian Republic against the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian.

Bartolomeo d'Alviano
Portrait, possibly of Bartolomeo d'Alviano, by Giovanni Bellini
Count of Alviano
In office
1495–1515
Preceded byFrancesco d'Alviano
Succeeded byLivio d'Alviano
Lord of Pordenone
In office
1508–1515
Succeeded byLivio d'Alviano
Personal details
Born1455
Todi, province of Perugia
Died7 October 1515(1515-10-07) (aged 59–60)
Ghedi, province of Brescia
Resting placeChiesa di Santo Stefano di Venezia
Spouse(s)
  • Bartolomea Orsini
  • Pantasilea Baglioni
ChildrenMarco, Livio, Lucrezia, Isabella, Porzia
MotherIsabella degli Atti
FatherFrancesco d'Alviano
Military service
Allegiance Pontifical States
Kingdom of Aragon
Republic of Venice
Branch/serviceMercenary
Years of service1496–1515
RankCondottiero
Battles/wars

Biography

Born in 1455 in a noble family in Umbria at Todi,[1][2] the son of Francesco d'Alviano and Isabella degli Atti,[3] Bartolomeo fought very early in his life in Central Italy, serving in the Papal States and, in 1496, the Orsini family against Pope Alexander VI and the Colonna.

In 1503, hired by Ferdinand II of Spain, he was determinant in the victory at the Battle of Garigliano over the French army, which started the Spanish domination over southern Italy. At the beginning of 1505 he was employed by the Venetians and was granted a cavalry captaincy by the Senate with an annual pay of 150 gold pounds.[4] In 1507, together with Nicolò Orsini, Bartolomeo was hired by the Republic of Venice. The following year he defeated the Imperial Army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor in Cadore, at Mauria and Pontebba, conquering Gorizia and Trieste. In the same year Pordenone also fell and the Serenissima assigned its signory to d'Alviano himself (the town was ruled by the d'Alviano family until 1539).

In 1509 (the year he began the construction of new city walls at Padua), however, he was crushingly defeated at the Battle of Agnadello, being also wounded in the fray. D'Alviano was charged of the result, as he allegedly attacked the enemy without the authorisation of Orsini, then commander-in-chief. Captured by the French, he remained a prisoner until 1513. In 1513, after the alliance between France and Venice against the Duchy of Milan, he was freed, and later fought under the French commander Louis de la Trémoille. He was defeated at the Battle of Vicenza by the Spanish Viceroy of Naples Ramón de Cardona.

Later d'Alviano again conquered, and sacked, Pordenone, which in the meantime had fallen again to the House of Habsburg. He was subsequently a protagonist of the French victory at the Battle of Marignano(September 1515), in which he attacked the Swiss mercenaries with a corps of only 300 knights. Later he managed to conquer also Bergamo,[5] but died in October of the same year during the siege of Brescia.[6]

He was buried in the church of Santo Stefano in Venice.[7]

Personal life

In 1497 he married Bartolomea Orsini,[8] and then he married Pantasilea Baglioni.[9]

In fiction

A fictional version of Bartolomeo d'Alviano appears in the video games Assassin's Creed II, Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy and Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood as a member of the Order of Assassins.[10]

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References
  1. "Comune d'Alviano" (in Italian). Halley Informatica. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  2. Rickard, J. (15 October 2014). "Bartolomeo d'Alviano (1455-1515)". History of War. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  3. The family degli Atti were lords of Todi.
  4. Bembo, Pietro. History of Venice. Book VII. 5.
  5. The Art Quarterly. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1950.
  6. Montaigne, Michel (25 March 2004). The Complete Essays. Translated by Screech, M. A. Penguin UK. p. 78. ISBN 9780141915937.
  7. Molmenti, Pompeo (1907). Venice: Its Individual Growth from the Earliest Beginnings to the Fall of the Republic. 2. Translated by Brown, Horatio Forbes. J. Murray. p. 208.
  8. Bradford, Sarah (18 July 2011). Cesare Borgia. Penguin UK. p. 74. ISBN 9780241958766.
  9. Vermiglioli, Giovanni Battista (1839). "La" vita e le imprese militari di Malatesta IV. Baglioni: narrazione storica ; con note, illustrazioni e documenti. Bartelli. p. 11.
  10. Vanon, Andrea (18 November 2010). "Recensione Assassin's Creed Brotherhood". Every Eye (in Italian). Retrieved 1 October 2018.

Bibliography
  • Rendina, Claudio (1994). I capitani di ventura. Rome: Newton & Compton.
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