Balea sarsii

Balea sarsii is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae.

Balea sarsii
Apertural view.

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:
Clausilioidea
Family:
Clausiliidae
Genus:
Balea
Species:
B. sarsii
Binomial name
Balea sarsii
Synonyms[3]

Balea heydeni (Maltzan, 1881)[4]
Balia lucifuga Bourguignat, 1857[5]

The species has long been overlooked because of confusion with Balea perversa.

Taxonomy

The specific name sarsii is in honour of Norwegian biologist Michael Sars.

According to Welter-Schultes Balea heydeni is conspecific with Balea sarsii. The name heydenii has now been superseded as the species was described from Norway at an earlier date than von Maltzan, under the name sarsii Pfeiffer (synonym lucifuga Bourguignat 1857).

This species has been separated from the closely related, common and wide-spread Balea perversa and redescribed by Gittenberger et al. (2006)[6] under its junior synonym name Balea heydeni von Maltzan, 1881.[3] The valid name for this taxon is, however, Balea sarsii.[3]

Distribution

Balea sarsii is a western-Atlantic element, found on the Atlantic Islands, in Portugal, northwestern Spain, and the coastal parts of France, Belgium and the Netherlands.[3] In Britain and Ireland it is the commoner of the two Balea species, occurring also in the inland.[3] The only locality in Denmark is Møns Klint.[3] A recently undertaken revision of Balea-material from Sweden and Norway in the Göteborg Natural History Museum and the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm revealed two localities for Balea sarsii from the Swedish west coast (the Island of Vinga outside Göteborg and the Island Storön in the archipelago of Väderöarna in the province of Bohuslän).[3] Totally the species is now known from six Norwegian localities, of which five are situated in Hordaland County.[3] It is considered a very rare species in Norway, because only sixteen Norwegian specimens have been found, among thousands of Balea perversa.[3]

This species is known to occur in:

The type locality is Florø in Sogn og Fjordane County. This is also the northernmost locality of Balea sarsii known in Europe.[3]

Description
Lateral view of a shell.

The shell of this species is sinistral (left-handed) in its coiling. Differs from Balea perversa in its more slender and yellowish rather than brownish shell. The first whorl increases in diameter more rapidly and the sculpture is more weakly striated (with coarse growth lines rather than distinct riblets).

Balea sarsii, differs from Balea perversa through its, in most cases, shorter, broader shell, in which the whorls increase more quickly in width.[3]

Balea sarsii reaches a maximal height of 7 mm; Balea perversa might be higher (up to 10 mm).[3] The sculpture in Balea sarsii is also more wrinkled, coarser and less regular, compared to the fine, regular riblets typical for Balea perversa.[3] The shell colour is also yellowish – light brown, compared to the usually somewhat darker brown in Balea perversa.[3] A weak, parietal denticle may be present in Balea perversa, but not in Balea sarsii.[3] All these characters are, however, variable; especially the shell dimensions.[3] The most reliable character to use in separating the two species is the form of the apical whorls: in Balea perversa this part of the shell is almost cylindrical, but in Balea sarsii it is conical.[3]

Ecology

Balea sarsii sometimes co-occur with Balea perversa.[3] Such sympatric occurrences are not uncommon in various parts of the distribution area, and probably both species have very similar ecology.[3] Balea-species are rarely found on the ground, they are climbers and live on vertical surfaces (rocks, trees etc.)[3]

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References

This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference[3]

  1. Seddon, M.B. (2017). "Balea heydeni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T171560A1328134. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T171560A1328134.en.
  2. (in German) Pfeiffer L. (1847). "Diagnosen neuer Heliceen". Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie 4(6): 81-84. page 84.
  3. von Proschwitz, Ted (2010). "Three land-snail species new to the Norwegian fauna: Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871), Vertigo ultimathule von Proschwitz, 2007 and Balea sarsii Philippi, 1847 [= B. heydeni von Maltzan, 1881]". Fauna Norvegica. 30: 13–19. doi:10.5324/fn.v30i0.628.
  4. (in French) Maltzan H. von (1881). "Description de deux espèces nouvelles". Journal de Conchyliologie 29(2): 162-163. page 162, plate 6, figure 6.
  5. Bourguignat J. R. (1857). "Aménités malacologiques". Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée (2)9: 545-565, Plate 16-17. page 557, plate 17, figure 16-18.
  6. Gittenberger E., Prece R. C. & Ripken T. E. J. (2006). "Balea heydeni von Maltzan, 1881 (Pulmonata: Clausiliidae): an overlooked but widely distributed European species". Journal of Conchology 39(2): 145-150.
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