Balbach Smelting & Refining Company

Balbach Smelting & Refining Company (also known as Balbach and Sons Refining and Smelting Company) was a smelting plant in Newark, New Jersey operating in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was the first commercial electrolytic refinery in the United States,[1] and until its closure in the 1920s, it was the second largest metal processing enterprise in the United States.[2]

Balbach Smelting and Refining Company on the Passaic River, ca. 1870

History

The company president was Edward Balbach Jr., a metallurgist born in 1839 in Karlsruhe, Baden, Germany. He came to the United States in 1848 with his father Edward Balbach Sr. (1804–1890), who started the Balbach family fortune by collecting gold and silver dust from Newark jewelry shop floors, turning it into bullion.[3][4] In 1865, Edward Balbach Jr. patented the "Balbach Process"[5] which separated gold and silver from lead,[2][3][4] which in 1872 evolved into something closely resembling the Parkes process, which had been developed earlier (1850) in England.[5][6] In 1881, the Balbachs began to manufacture copper, just in time for a boom in demand thanks to the invention of the telephone and shortly thereafter electricity.[2] In 1883, the factory opened an electrolytic refinery for copper, the first electrolytic refinery in the United States.[1] In December 1910, Edward Balbach Jr. died at the age of 72 and control of the company passed to his daughter Julia's husband Edward Randolph (1870–1919) who had been working there since 1898.[7] In 1919, Edward Randolph died and in the 1920s the Balbach operation was closed by its directors in favor of facilities closer to where the ore was mined. The County purchased the factory and converted it to a baseball field, located at Riverbank Park.[2][3]

Factory conditions were difficult. In the 1880s, workers earned $1.50 to $1.65 a day.[2] (worth $43 to $47 today). It could also be dangerous, if water seeped into a boiler it turned to steam and could cause an explosion, spraying molten metal onto workers who, if not immobilized, were known to run into the Passaic River.[2] The accidents were not limited to workers - in January 1881 a boiler exploded causing a flying brick to strike a sleeping guest in the head through a third floor window at the nearby Balbach family mansion.[8][9]

Notes
  1. "Method & Apparatus for Cathode Plate Production". World Intellectual Property Organization. October 11, 2004. Archived from the original on October 29, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  2. J. Bennett. "Riverbank Park in Newark". Newarkology. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  3. J. Bennett. "Mt. Pleasant Cemetery Mausoleums in Newark". Newarkology. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  4. John William Leonard (1899). "Balbach, Edward". Who's Who in America, Vol. 1 (1899-1900). A. N. Marquis & Company. p. 34. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  5. Eurich, Ernst, F. (1912). "The Development of the Parkes Process in the United States". Eighth International congress of applied chemistry: Washington and New York, September 4 to 13, 1912, Vol. III. Rumford Press. pp. 80–81. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  6. Hopman, H. O. (1913). "Recent Improvement in Lead Smelting". The Mineral Industry, Volume 21. Scientific Publishing Company. p. 561. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  7. ""Edward Randolph" in Monthly Bulletin No. 146, February 1919". Bulletin of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Issues 145-148. American Institute of Mining Engineers. 1919. p. xxxv-xxxvi. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  8. "Blown Up At Midnight; Four Men Killed By The Explosion In Newark". New York Times. January 8, 1881. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  9. "Covered with Hot Metal". New York Times. August 3, 1885. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
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