Bahal, Nepal

Baha (Nepal Bhasa:बहाः) is a type of courtyard found amongst Newar communities in Nepal. It is the most dominant type of courtyard in Newari Architecture. Baha is a Buddhist Monastery and derives its name from a Sanskrit word Bihara, meaning joy or enchantment and thus is a place of religious bliss.[1]

Rudravarna Mahavihar or Uku Bahal - An ancient monastery in Patan, Nepal

Characteristics

The characteristics of a Baha are:-

  • A square or rectangular space bounded by buildings in all sides
  • Surrounding buildings built on a raised platform called Falcha
  • Ground paved with brick or stone
  • Generally centrally placed Chaitya
  • Often presence of a well
  • The building opposite to the main entrance generally houses a Guthi with idols of deities in the ground floor

Significance

The baha are generally constructed by a family and their descendants reside in it for generations. Hence, it is not just a unit of residence but also a unit of kingship. The Guthis of Newars have their basis on Baha. So, they play a great role in maintaining the norms of Newari society and lifestyle.

Some Baha
  • Makhan baha
  • Sabal Baha
  • Tacchya Baha
  • Te Baha
  • Mu Baha
  • Musya Baha
  • Kwa Baha
  • Itum baha
  • Jana Baha (Machhendra baha)
  • Om Baha
  • Iku Baha
  • Nagbaha
  • Tukabaha
  • Okubaha
  • Bhagwan Baha Thabahi(Thamel Tole)
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See also

References
  1. Bahals of The Kathmandu Valley - Sudarsan Raj Tiwari
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