BAV 485

The ZiS-485, army designation BAV (Russian, БАВ, большой автомобиль водоплавающий - bolshoi avtomobil vodoplavayushchiy, big floating vehicle), is a Soviet amphibious transport, patterned after the WWII American DUKW.

BAV-A/ZiL-485A
A ZiS-485 at the Lubuskie Muzeum Wojskowe (Lubuskie Military Museum), Drzonów, Poland
Overview
ManufacturerAutomotive Factory No. 2 Zavod imeni Likhacheva (Likachev Motor Factory)
Also called
  • ZiS-485 (1952-1957)
  • ZiL-485A (after 1958)
  • BAV-A (army designation)
Production1952-1962
AssemblyMoscow, Soviet Union
Body and chassis
Class6x6 amphibious transport
Body stylewaterproofed hull
LayoutFront engine, six-wheel-drive
Platform
RelatedZiS-151, ZiL-157, BTR-152
Powertrain
Engine5.6L ZIS-123 I6[1][2]
Transmission
  • 5-speed manual (road)
  • PTO propeller drive (water)
Dimensions
Wheelbase4,225 mm (166.3 in)[2]
Length9.54 m (31.3 ft)[3]
Width2.8 m (9.2 ft)
Height2.66 m (8.7 ft) (with top-mounted)
Curb weight7,150 kg (15,760 lb)
ZiS-485 (BAV), Muzeum Wojska Polskiego, Warszawa
ZiS-485 (BAV) Soviet amphibious truck (Museum of Great Patriotic War, Kiev)

During World War II, the Soviets received 586 DUKW-353 amphibious trucks under the Lend-Lease Act.[4] The design was regarded as successful, so it was decided to build a similar domestic vehicle. Due to lack of own experience, a body was patterned after the DUKW, although with improvements enhancing its capability. The prototype was built in 1949 in ZiS subsidiary DAZ in Dnepropetrovsk, but a production started at ZiS factory, as ZiS-485.[4] Introduced in 1952,[5] it was intended to complement the GAZ 46 4x4 amphibious reconnaissance vehicle, but using the ZiS-151 6x6 truck (also used in the BTR-152)[6] as its basis.[5] Similar in size to the DUKW, which it resembles, the BAV has a rear tail gate making loading and unloading easier, rather than all cargo being loaded over the side by crane. Also a platform was enlarged by 1/3, to 10.44 m².[4]

Initially based on ZiS-151 truck, after the introduction of the improved ZiL-157 the vehicle was modernized using its components now bearing the designation ZiL-485A (army designation was BAV-A). Its production started in 1958, but it ceased in ZiL factory in 1959, after manufacturing 2005 ZiS/ZiL-485.[7] It was planned to move the production to BAZ works in Bryansk, but only 24 vehicles were completed there by 1962.[7]

The cargo body is open, but a canvas cover is available.

Propulsion in water is by means of propeller.

BAVs were used in service by Warsaw Pact Armies and in the Middle East up to the 1980s.[8]

In use by the Soviet Union and its allies and client states the BAV was gradually replaced by the much larger tracked PTS amphibious vehicles.

Specification
  • Rear axle clearance:
  • Ground clearance:
  • Front track: 1,590 mm (62.6 in)
  • Rear track: 1,720 mm (67.7 in)
  • Turning radius: 11.2 metres (36.7 ft)
  • Maximum speed (loaded, highway): 60 km/h (37 mph)
  • Tyres: 8¼x20 in (21x102 cm)
  • Fuel tank capacity: 2x 150 litres (39.6 US gal; 33.0 imp gal)
  • Fuel consumption: 6.7 mpg
  • Top speed: 60 km/h (37 mph) (road)
    10 km/h (6.2 mph) (water)
  • Range: 480 km (298 mi)
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See also

Notes
  1. AMW - Agencja Mienia Wojskowego Archived 2007-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ZiS-151
  3. Hogg, Ian V., and Weeks, John. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Military Vehicles. (London: Hamblyn Publishing Group Limited, 1980), p.309, "BAV-485".
  4. Prochko, Yevgeniy. «Bolshoi avtomobil vodoplavayushchiy». „Tekhnika i Vooruzheniye”. 03/2009. p. 15-22 (in Russian)
  5. Hogg & Weeks, p.308, "BAV-485".
  6. Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 5, p.476, "BTR"
  7. Prochko, Yevgeniy. «Bolshoi avtomobil vodoplavayushchiy». „Tekhnika i Vooruzheniye”. 04/2009. p. 16-22 (in Russian)
  8. Hogg & Weeks, p.309, "BAV-485".

Sources
  • Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 5, p. 476-7, "BTR".
  • Hogg, Ian V., and Weeks, John. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Military Vehicles. London: Hamblyn Publishing Group Limited, 1980, p. 308-9, "BAV-485".
  • Prochko, Yevgeniy. «Bolshoi avtomobil vodoplavayushchiy». „Tekhnika i Vooruzheniye”. 03/2009. p. 15-22 (in Russian).
  • Prochko, Yevgeniy. «Bolshoi avtomobil vodoplavayushchiy». „Tekhnika i Vooruzheniye”. 04/2009. p. 16-22 (in Russian).
  • AMW - Agencja Mienia Wojskowego
  • ZiS-485 at denisovets.narod.ru
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