Azed

The Azed crossword appears every Sunday in The Observer newspaper. Since it first appeared in March 1972, every puzzle has been composed by Jonathan Crowther who also judges the monthly clue-writing competition.[1] The pseudonym Azed is a reversal of (Fray Diego de) Deza, a Spanish inquisitor general. This combines the inquisitorial tradition of Torquemada and Ximenes (the two previous composers of the "advanced" Observer crossword) with the wordplay element of a British cryptic crossword.

Azed (Jonathan Crowther) in 2005.

It challenges its followers with a much higher proportion of obscure and archaic words and allusions to the Classics than would normally be considered acceptable in a modern blocked puzzle, thus providing an extra aspect of difficulty for the seasoned cryptic solver. [2]

The 2000th Azed puzzle was published on 26 September 2010. The 500th competition puzzle was published on 1 August 2010.

The puzzle

The puzzle's barred grid signals a more extensive vocabulary than that of the usual cryptic crossword.[3] Up to half of the answers may be "dictionary words" [4] and its standard reference, The Chambers Dictionary, is an essential aid for most solvers.[5] However, a much lower percentage of unchecked letters[5] – those that appear in only one answer – helps to alleviate this, as does the rigour with which the clues are constructed. Azed is a strict Ximenean, a stickler for grammatical and syntactical soundness in clues.[1] This precision assists both the discovery of the right answer and the solver's confidence that it is correct. Dialect and obsolete words are signalled in the clues and if a particularly obscure answer is not in Chambers, the fact is noted below the clues. As is common with barred puzzles, when the solution is published it is accompanied by short notes to explain how the more difficult answers were derived from their clues.

At approximately six-weekly intervals, the crossword is a "special". In these there are special rules for solving the clues or entering the answers into the diagram. Popular and recurring specials are "Spoonerisms", "Eightsome Reels","Cherchez La Femme", (all invented by Azed), "Misprints" (devised by Ximenes), Playfair and Printer's Devilry (both created by Afrit).[1][5] Many are composed to mark particular events and often use devices from other standard specials, particularly "Letters Latent".

The competition

The clue-writing competitions, first started by Ximenes, take place on the first Sunday of each month and at Christmas.[5] To enter, solvers must complete the grid correctly and submit it with a cryptic clue of their own devising. For a plain puzzle, the clue-word is indicated by a simple definition. If the competition puzzle is a special, finding the clue-word may be part of the puzzle and frequently the submitted clue has to conform to the puzzle's particular conventions.[6]

Azed Prize Bookplate (Reg Boulton design)

The competition results are announced three weeks later. There are three prizes, each of a book token and an Azed bookplate, and the names of the prizewinners are published together with their clues. A further twenty or so names appear below – these solvers' clues have been "Very Highly Commended" (VHC). The First Prize winner is also sent the Azed Instant Victor Verborum Cup to hold for a month before passing it on to the next winner.[7] ("Instant" here means "of this month", as in "the 3rd instant".) For the Christmas Competition, the VHCs also receive prizes.

On non-competition weeks, book tokens are awarded to three solvers selected at random from the submitted grids.

Every year an "Honours List" is published showing the most consistent clue-writers over the course of the year. Each prize-winning clue earns its writer two points and each VHC clue one; clue-writers do not receive points for HC clues. Annual champions are entrusted with a silver salver for the length of their reign, before passing the trophy on to the next winner. Any competitor who has scored four points or more without receiving a prize gets a consolation prize. Currently, the Azed year commences in September and concludes in August.

The Azed Slip

The Azed Slip presents all the VHC clues in full and adds the names of about fifty "Highly Commended" solvers whose clues did not quite make it to the VHCs. The VHC clues make entertaining reading and are recommended to competitors who wish to improve their cluemanship. The HC list provides consolation for many who were hoping for a better result, and encouragement for novice clue-writers.

After the lists come Azed's comments. Azed solvers do not just send in the completed puzzle and a clue. Many also write him letters about the puzzle and his clues, perhaps commending the ingenuity of one clue, asking for an explanation of another or revealing an unexpected sidelight to the competition's clue-word.[8][9] In his comments, Azed may respond to these or reveal the problems that month's competitors experienced, often using anonymous unsound submissions to illustrate his points.[10] He also gives news of forthcoming cruciverbal events or publications and deaths of long-standing competitors. The slip may be obtained in printed form by subscription or viewed freely at The Guardian website's crossword page or the & lit. website, which contains every Azed slip published.

Described in Chambers Crossword Manual as "Azed's Clue-writing School ", the slip has had a great influence on standards of cluemanship.[11] It also builds a sense of community among Azed solvers. Every 250 puzzles, a celebratory lunch or dinner is held in Oxford, where Azed lives. Some solvers travel considerable distances to attend, even flying in from Scotland and Ireland. The most recent, in July 2015, was to mark Azed No 2250.

Well-known Azed competitors

• Joyce Cansfield - first winner of long-running Channel 4 quiz show Countdown and member of The Times crossword-setting team
• Colin Dexter - author of the Inspector Morse novels and Times crossword setter
• Michael Frayn - English playwright and novelist [12]
• Harvey Freeman - Countdown Supreme Champion
• Don Manley - author of Chambers Crossword Manual and regular setter for several British national newspapers including The Times
• Tim Moorey - regular setter for several publications, including The Week, The Times, and The Sunday Times, and author of How to Crack Cryptic Crosswords.
• Sir Jeremy Morse - former Chancellor of the University of Bristol and chairman of Lloyds Bank
• Vikram Seth - writer and poet
• Francis Wheen - journalist, broadcaster and writer
• Sir David Willcocks - choral conductor, composer and former director of the Royal College of Music

Annual Champions

[13]

Year	Champion	Prizes	VHCs	Points		Year	Champion	Prizes	VHCs	Points
1972-73	N. C. Dexter	2	5	9		1993-94	D. F. Manley	2	9	13
	L. F. Leeson	3	3			1994-95	C. R. Gumbrell	3	7	13
	R. J. Palmer	2	5			1995-96	C. J. Morse	4	6	14
1973-74	C. Allen Baker	1	8	10		1996-97	C. J. Morse	2	10	14
	C. O. Butcher	2	6			1997-98	C. R. Gumbrell	3	8	14
	F. R. Palmer	0	10			1998-99	C. R. Gumbrell	2	10	14
1974-75	J. R. Kirby	2	6	10		1999-2000	C. R. Gumbrell	3	7	13
1975-76	F. R. Palmer	3	6	12		2000-01	C. R. Gumbrell	1	11	13
1976-77	D. F. Manley	2	7	11		2001-02	D. F. Manley	2	10	14
	W. K. M. Slimmings	1	9			2002-03	C. R. Gumbrell	1	11	13
1977-78	C. J. & R. S. Morse	3	5	11		2003-04	D. F. Manley	2	10	14
1978-79	F. R. Palmer	4	4	12		2004-05	N. C. Dexter	3	5	11
1979-80	N. C. Dexter	3	5	11			D. F. Manley	2	7
	D. F. Manley	0	11				T. J. Moorey	3	5
	R. J. Palmer	3	5			2005-06	M. Barley	3	8	14
1980-81	C. J. Morse	1	8	10		2006-07	M. Barley	2	9	13
1981-82	D. F. Manley	2	9	13		2007-08	R. J. Heald	4	8	16
1982-81	D. F. Manley	1	8	10			T. J. Moorey	4	8
1983-84	D. F. Manley	1	8	10		2008-09	J. C. Leyland	4	6	14
1984-85	R. J. Hooper	2	8	12		2009-10	J. C. Leyland	3	8	14
1985-86	R. J. Hooper	2	9	13			D. F. Manley	2	10
1986-87	E. J. Burge	2	6	10		2010-11	R. J. Heald	5	7	17
	N. C. Dexter	2	6			2011-12	M. Barley	2	8	12
1987-88	M. Barley	2	6	10			D. F. Manley	3	6
1988-89	D. F. Manley	2	10	14		2012-13	R. J. Heald	2	11	15
1989-90	F. R. Palmer	2	7	11		2013-14	C. J. Morse	3	9	15
1990-91	R. J. Hooper	3	5	11		2014-15	M. Barley	3	9	15
1991-92	D. F. Manley	5	4	14		2015-16	M. Barley	3	8	14
1992-93	D. F. Manley	3	5	11			R. J. Heald	2	10

References and footnotes

1. Jonathan Crowther (2006) A-Z of Crosswords p. 44, Collins ISBN 978-0-00-722923-9, ISBN 0-00-722923-2
2. https://www.theguardian.com/crosswords/2010/sep/26/azed-giant-among-crosswords-2000
3. Alec Robins (1975) Crosswords p. 34, Teach Yourself Books, Hodder & Stoughton ISBN 0-340-05978-8
4. Words found in large dictionaries but rarely encountered elsewhere. They may be obsolete (e.g. preace), in a particular dialect (e.g. twichild), literary (e.g. forswonck), Biblical (e.g. five-square), technical (e.g. trecento), variant spellings (e.g. zho, zo dso, zhomo, dsomo, jomo, zobo, zobu and dsobo) or just unusual (e.g. carnifex)
5. D S MacNutt with A Robins (1966). Ximenes on the art of the crossword p. 136, p. 107, p. 131, p. 136, Methuen & Co Ltd, London; reissued 2001 by Swallowtail Books
6. For example "Give and Take"
7. "The Legend of the Cup" at the end of the seventies was that during the IRA bombing campaign, a first-time First Prize winner who knew nothing about this custom received an unexpected parcel from Dublin - prudently, he carried it out onto his lawn and called in the Bomb Squad. Anthony Ellis at the Observer was told this story by both Azed and Don Manley and tracked down the recipient, Rear Admiral Ridley. He said that though it seemed possible that the IRA had picked his name out of Who's Who?, he had still opened the parcel himself - "very carefully at arms length.". Ref: Anthony Ellis Cup holds the clue The Observer Magazine (1 Nov 1981)
8. Azed Slip 1771
9. Azed Slip 1831
10. Azed Slip 1845
11. Don Manley (2006) Chambers Crossword Manual (4th Ed) p. 208-216, "Azed's Clue-writing School", Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, ISBN 978-0-550-10220-1, ISBN 0-550-10220-5
12. See his tribute to Azed in The Observer, 26 September 2010
13. & lit. Annual Honours Lists