Autoimmune oophoritis

Autoimmune oophoritis
Specialty	Gynecology

Autoimmune oophoritis is a rare autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the ovaries.[1] This causes the ovaries to have inflammation, atrophy and fibrosis. The changes to the ovaries can cause them to not function properly.

Signs and symptoms

Autoimmune oophoritis can present with a wide variety of symptoms. Some of the common ones are enlisted below.

Primary amenorrhea – where menstruation has never occurred
Secondary amenorrhea – where menstruation occurred once puberty happened but then later stopped
Infertility
Sex hormone deficiency
hot flushes
Lower abdominal pain
Fever
Malaise
Vaginal discharge
Irregular bleeding or absent menstrual period – also known as amenorrhea
Symptoms associated with other coexisting autoimmune conditions

Causes

The underlying cause of autoimmune oophoritis are not yet well known. In many cases it can co-exit with lupus, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, or other autoimmune conditions. Autoimmune oophoritis can be associated with autoimmune endocrinopathy syndrome type I and type II.[2]

Genetics

As Autoimmune oophoritis often occurs in the setting of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS), mutations in AIRE or HLA-DR3/4 can contribute to its pathology.[3]

Diagnoses

Diagnosis involves a special blood test which looks for anti-steroid or anti-ovarian antibodies,[4] a pelvic ultrasound to look for enlarged cystic ovaries, biopsies maybe required in certain scenarios to confirm the diagnosis, and other type of tests to rule out other issues that can be a part of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI).[2]

Pathophysiology

Microscopic examination reveal a picture of inflammatory infiltrate which selectively attacks the developing follicles and corpus luteum with sparing of the primordial follicles.

Treatment

Although there is no specific treatment, these women are usually started on hormone replacement therapies, or corticosteroids can also be used to achieve immunosuppression.

Prognosis

The prognosis is difficult to evaluate given the rarity of this condition, Some patients with AIO may have intermittent ovarian follicle function and may ovulate spontaneously. And patients may resume normal menses or achieve pregnancy after therapy.[3]

Epidemiology

Autoimmune oophoritis accounts for almost 4% of women with who present with spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, because of the lack of awareness and systematic studies, the true global and ethnicity related prevalence is not known.[5]

gollark: Aren't the old AMD "heavy machinery"-named ones pretty awful?

gollark: No, they're the same thing, but they make the GPUs into fancy expansion cards and sellotape a few together on the PCB so they have more cores.

gollark: Er, Krist is actually the *universe's* main currency... honestly...

gollark: They gave them a virtual environment to make them seem more human, but it has its limits.

gollark: He's clearly just an AI created to popularise Krist...

References

Noel R. Rose; Ian R. Mackay (2006). The autoimmune diseases (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-595961-2.
"Autoimmune oophoritis". NIH.gov. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
Welt, Corrine K. (2008). "Autoimmune oophoritis in the adolescent". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1135 (1): 118–122. Bibcode:2008NYASA1135..118W. doi:10.1196/annals.1429.006. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 18574216.
Welt CK (2008). "Autoimmune oophoritis in the adolescent". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1135: 118–22. doi:10.1196/annals.1429.006. PMID 18574216.
Bakalov, Vladimir K.; Anasti, James N.; Calis, Karim A.; Vanderhoof, Vien H.; Premkumar, Ahalya; Chen, Shu; Furmaniak, Jadwiga; Smith, B. Rees; Merino, Maria J. (October 2005). "Autoimmune oophoritis as a mechanism of follicular dysfunction in women with 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure". Fertility and Sterility. 84 (4): 958–965. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.04.060. ISSN 1556-5653. PMID 16213850.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Institutes of Health.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Noel R. Rose; Ian R. Mackay (2006). The autoimmune diseases (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-595961-2.

[:0-2] "Autoimmune oophoritis". NIH.gov. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 2018-08-07.

[Welt_2008_118–122-3] Welt, Corrine K. (2008). "Autoimmune oophoritis in the adolescent". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1135 (1): 118–122. Bibcode:2008NYASA1135..118W. doi:10.1196/annals.1429.006. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 18574216.

[pmid18574216-4] Welt CK (2008). "Autoimmune oophoritis in the adolescent". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1135: 118–22. doi:10.1196/annals.1429.006. PMID 18574216.

[5] Bakalov, Vladimir K.; Anasti, James N.; Calis, Karim A.; Vanderhoof, Vien H.; Premkumar, Ahalya; Chen, Shu; Furmaniak, Jadwiga; Smith, B. Rees; Merino, Maria J. (October 2005). "Autoimmune oophoritis as a mechanism of follicular dysfunction in women with 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure". Fertility and Sterility. 84 (4): 958–965. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.04.060. ISSN 1556-5653. PMID 16213850.