Arnold Nordsieck

Arnold Theodore Nordsieck (5 January 1911 – 18 January 1971) was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work with Felix Bloch on the infrared problem in quantum electrodynamics. He developed the inertial electrostatic gyroscope (ESG) used as part of the inertial navigation system of nuclear submarines that allows them to remain underwater without having to surface to ascertain their location.

Arnold Nordsieck
Born(1911-01-05)5 January 1911
Marysville, Ohio
Died18 January 1971(1971-01-18) (aged 60)
Santa Barbara, California
NationalityEnglish
Alma materUniversity of California, Berkeley (Ph.D., 1935)
Columbia University (M.S., 1932)
Known forBloch-Nordsieck cancellation of infrared divergences
Scientific career
InstitutionsColumbia University
Bell Telephone Laboratories
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
General Research Corporation
ThesisScattering of Radiation by an Electric Field (1935)
Doctoral advisorRobert Oppenheimer

Biography

Arnold Theodore Nordsieck was born in Marysville, Ohio, on 5 January 1911.[1] He entered Ohio State University, where he earned a M.S. degree in physics in 1932.[1] He then went to the University of California, Berkeley, where he wrote his 1935 doctoral dissertation under the supervision of Robert Oppenheimer on the "Scattering of Radiation by an Electric Field".[2]

A National Research Council fellowship allowed Nordsieck to travel to Germany in 1935 as a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Leipzig under Werner Heisenberg.[1] With Felix Bloch he solved the infrared problem in quantum electrodynamics, the problem of differences in the scattering amplitudes for example in the bremsstrahlung, which had its origin in the vanishing rest mass of the photon. Bloch and Nordsieck showed that this due to the perturbation theory used, and were able to avoid it with a better method.[3]

Returning to the United States in 1937, Nordsieck taught physics at Columbia University, where he conducted research into theoretical physics and microwave radiation. In 1942, he became a researcher at the Bell Telephone Laboratories. He was also an associate professor at Columbia from 1945 to 1946. From 1947 to 1961 he was a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,[1] where his doctoral students there included Erwin Hahn.[2]

Nordsieck built a differential analyzer (a form of analog computer) in 1950 at the University of Illinois from $700 worth of surplus electronic parts left over from World War II. Copies became the first computers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Purdue University.[4][5][6] In 1953 he developed the inertial electrostatic gyroscope (ESG), which was manufactured by Honeywell and other companies. It was used as part of the inertial navigation system of nuclear submarines, allowing them to travel underwater for months at a time without having to surface to ascertain their location.[7] He also proposed the Cornfield system, a computer-based decision-making system for the air defense of ships using radar. This was one of the first applications of computer technology for decision makings.[8][9] He was a 1955 Guggenheim Fellow.[10]

With B. L Hicks, Nordsieck use Monte Carlo methods to solve nonlinear Boltzmann equation for various non-equilibrium problems in gas dynamics in the 1960s.[11][12] He also published work on numerical mathematics.[13] Later Nordsieck worked for the General Research Corporation in Santa Barbara, California, where he was Head of physics.[14] He died in Santa Barbara on 18 January 1971.[15]

Notes
  1. "Contributors to Proceedings of the IRE". Proceedings of the IRE. 41 (5): 665. May 1953. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1953.274411. ISSN 0018-9219.
  2. "Arnold Theodore Nordsieck (1911–1971)" (PDF). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  3. Bloch, F.; Nordsieck, A. (July 1937). "Note on the Radiation Field of the Electron". Physical Review. American Physical Society. 52 (2): 54–59. Bibcode:1937PhRv...52...54B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.52.54.
  4. "Physics in the 1950s". University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  5. "The Nordsieck Computer" (PDF). Computer History Museum. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  6. "Nordsieck's Differential Analyzer". Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  7. "Physics in the 1950s: The Inertial Electrostatic Gyroscope". University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  8. "Arnold T. Nordsieck Award for Excellence in Teaching". University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  9. "Physics in the 1950s: Radar". University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  10. "Arnold T. Nordsieck". John Simon Guggenheim Foundation. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  11. Yen, S.M. (January 1984). "Numerical Solution of the Nonlinear Boltzmann Equation for Nonequilibrium Gas Flow Problems". Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 16: 67–97. Bibcode:1984AnRFM..16...67Y. doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.16.010184.000435. ISSN 0066-4189.
  12. Nordsieck, Arnold; Hicks, Bruce L. (1967). "Monte Carlo evaluation of the Boltzmann collision integral". Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (PDF). 1. pp. 695–710. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  13. Nordsieck, Arnold (1962). "On Numerical Integration of ordinary differential equations". Mathematics of Computation. 16 (77): 22–49. Bibcode:1962MaCom..16...22N. doi:10.2307/2003809. ISSN 0025-5718. JSTOR 2003809.
  14. "Department Honors". University of California at Santa Barbara. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  15. "Deaths Of Notables". The Evening Sun from Hanover, Pennsylvania. January 20, 1971. p. 20. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
gollark: Yes, if you are admin™.
gollark: No, that's UDP/TCP I think.
gollark: Just use my multicast chat program, coming never™.
gollark: In theory, sure? I don't know if network hardware will *let* you sometimes, and they might not actually receive it.
gollark: Well, yes. But IP addresses are a part of, well, IP, and not Ethernet.
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