Arnold Dresden

Arnold Dresden (1882–1954) was a Dutch-American mathematician in the first part of the twentieth century, known for his work in the calculus of variations and collegiate mathematics education.[1][2] He was a president of the Mathematical Association of America.[3]

Prof. Arnold Dresden at Swarthmore College

Background

Dresden was born in Amsterdam on November 23, 1882, into a wealthy banking family. After matriculating for three years at the University of Amsterdam he used tuition money in 1903 to book passage on a ship to New York City. He then traveled to Chicago to help a friend, arriving there on his 21st birthday. Two years later, after saving money from working at various jobs, he enrolled in the graduate program at the University of Chicago, where he earned his Ph.D. in 1909 under the direction of Oskar Bolza with thesis The Second Derivatives of the Extremal Integral.[4]

Research and teaching

Dresden taught at the University of Wisconsin 1909–1927. During this time he wrote several papers on the calculus of variations and systems of linear differential equations. He directed one doctoral dissertation. He was recruited to Swarthmore College by President Frank Aydelotte to initiate an honors program in mathematics that ended up being a model for other colleges and universities throughout the U.S. Dresden remained at the elite Quaker college until retiring in 1952; he was adored by many of his students. In 1935–1936 he was on sabbatical at the Institute for Advanced Study, where he wrote An Invitation to Mathematics.[5][6] He died on April 10, 1954 in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, at age 71.

While at Wisconsin Arnold Dresden was active in and served as secretary of, the Chicago Section of the American Mathematical Society. A charter member of the Mathematical Association of America, he was elected President for 1933–1934. He also served as Vice-President during 1931 and as a member of the Board of Governors for 1935–1940 and 1943–1945. His retiring presidential address, “A program for mathematics,”[7] encapsulated his deep concern about the place of mathematics in general culture and about the mathematical community's laissez-faire attitude toward the role it should play. A recurring theme was his belief that abstract concepts can be grasped by young people, which he preached in his 1936 book, An Invitation to Mathematics. He was also known as an ally to women in the field, as well.[8] He also wrote three textbooks and translated van der Waerden’s classic Science Awakening from Dutch into English.

Articles
  • Dresden, Arnold (1908). "The second derivatives of the extremal-integral". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 9 (4): 467–486. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1908-1500822-8. MR 1500822.
  • Dresden, Arnold (1916). "On the second derivatives of an extremal-integral with an application to a problem with variable end points". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 17 (4): 425–436. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1916-1501051-9. MR 1501051.
  • Dresden, Arnold (1924). "Brouwer's contributions to the foundations of mathematics". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 30 (1–2): 31–40. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1924-03844-0. MR 1560837.
  • Dresden, Arnold (1926). "Some recent work in the calculus of variations". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 32 (5): 475–521. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04248-8. MR 1561253.
  • Dresden, Arnold (1928). "Some philosophical aspects of mathematics". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 34 (4): 438–452. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1928-04560-3. MR 1561587.
  • Dresden, Arnold (1933). "On the generalized Vandermonde determinant and symmetric functions". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 39 (6): 443–449. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1933-05664-1. MR 1562644.
  • Dresden, Arnold (1942). "On the iteration of linear homogeneous transformations". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 48 (8): 577–579. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1942-07736-6. MR 0006984.

Books
  • Dresden, Arnold (1921). Plane trigonometry. John Wiley.
  • Dresden, Arnold (1964) [1930]. Solid Analytical Geometry and Determinants. NY and London (1930): John Wiley and Chapman & Hall; (reprint) Dover.CS1 maint: location (link)
  • Dresden, Arnold (1936). An Invitation to Mathematics. H. Holt.
  • Dresden, Arnold (1940). Introduction to the Calculus. H. Holt.
  • Waerden, B. L., van der; English trans. Arnold Dresden (1954). Science Awakening. Noordhoff.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
gollark: You could use any image and just add a ZIP with `__main__.py` in it on the end.
gollark: In this, yes.
gollark: This is just a ZIP concatted on the end, but if you muck with the formats a lot you could probably use some of the image data to store code.
gollark: So you can run this (`python3 logo96.png`) and it prints hello world, and as you can see it's a valid image.
gollark: <@!336962240848855040> So I don't know if any image format will let you stick a shebang at the start, *but* python apparently happily runs `__main__.py` from ZIP files. And ZIP files are backwards and work fine at the end of an image.

References
  1. David E. Zitarelli (June 2005). "In the Shadow of Giants: A Section of American Mathematicians, 1925-1950". Mathematics Magazine. 78 (3): 175–191. doi:10.2307/30044154. JSTOR 30044154.
  2. Edith R. Schneckenburger (1954). "News and Notices". Amer. Math. Monthly. 61 (7): 497–498. JSTOR 2308099.
  3. MAA presidents: Arnold Dresden
  4. Arnold Dresden at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  5. page 33, Publications of members, 1930–1954 Libraries, Institute for Advanced Study
  6. Search on "Arnold Dresden" to find directory listing for Arnold Dresden as a Visiting Member of the Institute for Advanced Study.
  7. Dresden, Arnold (Apr 1935). "A Program for Mathematics". Amer. Math. Monthly. 42 (4): 198–208. doi:10.2307/2302098. JSTOR 2302098.
  8. Murray, Margaret (2001). Women Being Mathematicians:Creating a Professional Identity in Post-World War II America. MIT Press. p. 244. ISBN 9780262632461. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
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