Arimaddana
Arimaddana Pura (Burmese: အရိမဒ္ဒနာပူရ, pronounced [ʔəɹḭ maʔdənà pùɹa̰]; Pali: Arimaddanapura) is a classical name of the city of Bagan (Pagan), Myanmar. It means the "City that Tramples on Enemies."[1]
Arimaddana အရိမဒ္ဒနာပူရ Bagan | |
|---|---|
 Temples in Bagan | |
  Arimaddana Location of Bagan, Burma | |
| Coordinates: 21°10′N 94°52′E | |
| Country | Burma |
| Region | Mandalay Region |
| Founded | 22 March 750 |
| Population | |
| • Ethnicities | Bamar |
| • Religions | Theravada Buddhism |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (MST) |
The Burmese chronicles do not agree on the foundation facts. The 16th century chronicle Yazawin Kyaw states that it was founded in 156 CE by King Pyusawhti.[2] The oldest chronicle Zatadawbon Yazawin says it was founded in 190 CE (Sunday, 15th waxing of Tagu 112 of Early Pyu calendar) by King Pyusawhti.[3] However, later standard chronicles of Toungoo and Konbaung dynasties, Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin respectively, state that the city was founded in 107 CE by King Thamoddarit, a scion of Sri Ksetra Kingdom.[4] The chronicles continue that King Thinli Kyaung I (r. 344–387) moved the palace to nearby Thiri Pyissaya.[5]
However, evidence indicates that the earliest human settlement in the Pagan region dates only from the mid-7th century CE.[6] Therefore, Zata's foundation date is probably based on the Burmese calendar, and the foundation date would be Sunday, 22 March 750.
References
- Lieberman 2003: 91
- Yazawin Kyaw 2010: 139
- Zata 1960: 53
- (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 132–133) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 187–188)
- Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 139–141
- Aung-Thwin 2005: 185
Bibliography
- Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2005). The Mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 9780824828868.
- Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
- Maha Thilawuntha, Shin (1928). Pe Maung Tin (ed.). Yazawin Kyaw (in Burmese) (4th printing, 2010 ed.). Yangon: Burma Research Society (original publisher), Ya-Pyei (4th printing).
- Royal Historians of Burma (c. 1680). U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) (ed.). Zatadawbon Yazawin (1960 ed.). Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma.
- Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1829–1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.