Taphrinomycotina

Taphrinomycotina
	Peach tree (Prunus persica) attacked by Taphrina deformans
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Subdivision:	Taphrinomycotina; O.E. Erikss. & Winka 1997[1]
Classes
	Archaeorhizomycetes; Neolectomycetes ; Pneumocystidomycetes ; Schizosaccharomycetes ; Taphrinomycetes

The Taphrinomycotina are one of three subdivisions constituting the Ascomycota (fungi that form their spores in a sac-like ascus) and is more or less synonymous with the slightly older invalid name Archiascomycetes (sometimes spelled Archaeascomycetes; archea = ancient). Recent molecular studies suggest that the group is monophyletic and basal to the rest of the Ascomycota.[2][3]

The major taxa are Schizosaccharomycetes, Taphrinomycetes, Neolectomycetes, and Pneumocystis.

The Schizosaccharomycetes are the yeasts (e.g. Schizosaccharomyces) that reproduce by fission rather than budding, unlike most other yeasts, many of which are in the subdivision Saccharomycotina.

The Taphrinomycetes are dimorphic plant parasites (e.g. Taphrina) with both a yeast state and a filamentous (hyphal) state in infected plants. They characteristically infect leaves, catkins, and branches, not roots. Taphrinomycetes form asci but no ascomata.

The Neolectomycetes are species in a single genus, Neolecta, which are the only members of the subdivision that form ascomata (fruiting bodies), and which specifically grow out of root tips. They may have a yeast state (ascospores bud in the asci).

The Pneumocystidomycetes also encompasses only one genus of yeasts, Pneumocystis, one of which causes Pneumocystis pneumonia in humans by developing cysts on the lung tissue.

None has ascogenous hyphae giving rise to the asci.

References

Eriksson, O.E. & K. Winka (1997). "Supraordinal taxa of Ascomycota". Myconet. 1: 1–16.
Lutzoni, F.; et al. (2004). "Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits". Am. J. Bot. 91 (10): 1446–1480. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1446. PMID 21652303.
James, T.Y.; et al. (2006). "Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny". Nature. 443 (7113): 818–822. doi:10.1038/nature05110. PMID 17051209.

The Oregon Coalition of Interdisciplinary Databases: "Archiascomycetes: Early Diverging Ascomycetes"

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[1] Eriksson, O.E. & K. Winka (1997). "Supraordinal taxa of Ascomycota". Myconet. 1: 1–16.

[Lutzoni_2004-2] Lutzoni, F.; et al. (2004). "Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits". Am. J. Bot. 91 (10): 1446–1480. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1446. PMID 21652303.

[James_2006-3] James, T.Y.; et al. (2006). "Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny". Nature. 443 (7113): 818–822. doi:10.1038/nature05110. PMID 17051209.