Apaziquone

Apaziquone
Clinical data
ATC code	None;
Legal status
Legal status	US: Investigational New Drug ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (E)-5-(1-Azirinyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole-4,7-dione;
CAS Number	114560-48-4 ;
PubChem CID	5813717;
ChemSpider	4710342 ;
UNII	H464ZO600O;
KEGG	D02965 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL73822 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C15H16N2O4
Molar mass	288.303 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES Cn1c(c(c2c1C(=O)C=C(C2=O)N3CC3)CO)/C=C/CO;
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H16N2O4/c1-16-10(3-2-6-18)9(8-19)13-14(16)12(20)7-11(15(13)21)17-4-5-17/h2-3,7,18-19H,4-6,8H2,1H3/b3-2+ ; Key:MXPOCMVWFLDDLZ-NSCUHMNNSA-N ;
	(what is this?) (verify)

Apaziquone (tentative trade name EOquin)[1] is an indolequinone that is a bioreductive prodrug similar to the older chemotherapeutic agent mitomycin C. In hypoxic cells, such as those on the inner surface of the urinary bladder, apaziquone is converted to active metabolites by intracellular reductases. The active metabolites alkylate DNA and lead to apoptosis.[2] This activity is preferentially expressed in neoplastic cells.

After administration of apaziquone directly into the urinary bladder (intravesically), the drug and its active metabolite were not detected in plasma, and there were no systemic side effects.[3][4]

Apaziquone has been applied in clinical studies sponsored by Spectrum Pharmaceuticals and Allergan for the treatment of superficial (non-muscle invasive) bladder cancer.[3] Approximately 70% of all newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer have non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and over one million patients in the United States and Europe are affected by the disease. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Fast Track review status to apaziquone for this indication.[5]

References

"UvA researcher develops new bladder cancer medication". University of Amsterdam. 25 Jul 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.
NCI. "apaziquone". Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
Puri R, Palit V, Loadman PM, et al. (October 2006). "Phase I/II pilot study of intravesical apaziquone (EO9) for superficial bladder cancer". J. Urol. 176 (4 Pt 1): 1344–8. arXiv:1506.05421. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.047. PMID 16952628.
Hendricksen K, Gleason D, Young JM, et al. (July 2008). "Safety and side effects of immediate instillation of apaziquone following transurethral resection in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer". J. Urol. 180 (1): 116–20. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.031. PMID 18485407.
"FDA Designates Fast Track Status For Apaziquone (EOquin) For Bladder Cancer". Medical News Today. 22 Jul 2009.

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[1] "UvA researcher develops new bladder cancer medication". University of Amsterdam. 25 Jul 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.

[2] NCI. "apaziquone". Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-07.

[Puri06-3] Puri R, Palit V, Loadman PM, et al. (October 2006). "Phase I/II pilot study of intravesical apaziquone (EO9) for superficial bladder cancer". J. Urol. 176 (4 Pt 1): 1344–8. arXiv:1506.05421. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.047. PMID 16952628.

[4] Hendricksen K, Gleason D, Young JM, et al. (July 2008). "Safety and side effects of immediate instillation of apaziquone following transurethral resection in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer". J. Urol. 180 (1): 116–20. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.031. PMID 18485407.

[5] "FDA Designates Fast Track Status For Apaziquone (EOquin) For Bladder Cancer". Medical News Today. 22 Jul 2009.