Apalachee language

Apalachee was a Muskogean language of Florida. It was closely related to Koasati and Alabama.[2]

Apalachee
Native toUnited States
RegionFlorida
EthnicityApalachee
Extinctearly 18th century
Muskogean
  • Eastern
    • Apalachee
Language codes
ISO 639-3xap
xap
Glottologapal1237[1]

The language is known primarily from one document, a letter written in 1688 to Charles II of Spain. Geoffrey Kimball has produced a grammatical sketch (Kimball 1987) and a vocabulary of the language (Kimball 1988) based on the contents of the letter.

Haas (1949) showed that Apalachee belonged to the same branch of the Muskogean family as Koasati, Alabama, and Hitchiti.

Phonology

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Lateral Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive plain p /p/ t /t/ ch /tʃ/ c, g /k/
voiced b /b/
Fricative f /f/ s /s/ lz /ɬ/ h /h/
Nasal m /m/ n /n/
Approximant gu, w /w/ l /l/ y /j/

Vowels
Front Back
Close i /i/
Close-mid o /o/
Open a /a/

Vowels may also be elongated.

Bibliography
  • Haas, M. R. (1949). The position of Apalachee in the Muskogean family. International Journal of American Linguistics, 15(2), 121-127.
  • Kimball, G. (1987). A grammatical sketch of Apalachee. International journal of American linguistics, 53(2), 136-174.
  • Kimball, G. (1988). An Apalachee vocabulary. International Journal of American Linguistics, 54(4), 387-398.
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References
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Apalachee". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. Broadwell 1992, pp. 3; 41-2, fn. 2


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