Antwerp City Hall

The Stadhuis (City Hall) of Antwerp, Belgium, stands on the western side of Antwerp's Grote Markt (Great Market Square). Erected between 1561 and 1565 after designs made by Cornelis Floris de Vriendt and several other architects and artists, this Renaissance building incorporates both Flemish and Italian influences. The Stadhuis is inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List along with the belfries of Belgium and France.[1]

Antwerpen Stadhuis
Location within Belgium
General information
TypeTown hall
Architectural styleRenaissance
Town or cityAntwerp
CountryBelgium
Coordinates51.2213°N 4.3992°E / 51.2213; 4.3992
Construction started1561
Completed1564
Design and construction
ArchitectCornelis Floris De Vriendt and others

History
Margaret of Parma hands over the keys to the city, by Henri Leys

In the 16th century Antwerp became one of the busiest trading ports and most prosperous cities in Northern Europe. The municipal authorities wished to replace Antwerp's small medieval town hall with a more imposing structure befitting the prosperity of the great port city. Antwerp architect Domien de Waghemakere drafted a plan (c. 1540) for a new building in a style typical of the monumental Gothic town halls of Flanders and Brabant.

But the threat of war prevented any progress on the project. The building materials intended for the Stadhuis were instead used to shore up the city defenses. Not until about 1560 new plans were developed. In the meantime Gothic architecture had gone out of fashion. The new designs for the Stadhuis were in the new Renaissance style. Completed in 1565, the building lasted hardly a decade before being burnt to a shell in the Spanish Fury of 1576. It was restored three years later.

Description

The low arcaded ground story is of rusticated stone, and at one time housed little shops. Above are two stories with Doric and Ionic columns separating large mullioned windows, and a fourth story forming an open gallery.

The richly ornamented central section, which rises above the eaves in diminishing stages, holds female statues representing Justice, Prudence, and the Virgin Mary, and bears the coats of arms of the Duchy of Brabant, the Spanish Habsburgs, and the Margraviate of Antwerp.

Renovations during the late 19th century by architects Pierre Bruno Bourla, Joseph Schadde and Pieter Jan August Dens drastically modified the interior. Much of the stately decoration dates from this period, as does a roof over what was once an open-air inner courtyard. A number of the leading Antwerp historical painters were invited to assist with the decorations. Henri Leys painted a series of murals depicting key events in Antwerp's history and portraits of former Belgian rulers for the Leys Hall.[2][3]

Influence abroad
Frontal view of the city hall

The Antwerp Stadhuis became an exemplar for the new renaissance style in architecture in the Netherlands and Northern Europe. The Stadhuis of Vlissingen and of The Hague in the Netherlands and the design of the Rathaus of Emden and the portico of the Cologne Rathaus (1557) in Germany and the Green Gate (designed by Regnier or Reiner of Amsterdam) in Gdańsk, Poland were inspired by this new style.[4][5]

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References
  1. Belfries of Belgium and France on UNESCO site
  2. De Inventaris van het Bouwkundig Erfgoed, Stadhuis van Antwerpen (ID: 4032) (in Dutch)
  3. Frescos in the Leys Hall Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch)
  4. Rutger Tijs, Renaissance- en barokarchitectuur in België’, Lannoo Uitgeverij, 1999, p. 105 (in Dutch)
  5. Juliette Roding; Lex Heerma van Voss (1996). The North Sea and culture (1550-1800): proceedings of the international conference held at Leiden 21-22 April 1995. Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 103. ISBN 90-6550-527-X.

Further reading
  • B. Fletcher, History of Architecture (London, 1921)
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