Antonio Valeriano

Antonio Valeriano (c. 1521–1605) was a colonial Mexican, Nahua scholar and politician. He was a collaborator with fray Bernardino de Sahagún in the creation of the twelve-volume General History of the Things of New Spain, the Florentine Codex,[1] He served as judge-governor of both his home, Azcapotzalco, and of Tenochtitlan, in Spanish colonial New Spain.

This article is about Antonio Valeriano the elder. For his grandson, see Antonio Valeriano (the younger).
Antonio Valeriano
As depicted in the Aubin Codex.
Judge-governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan
In office
1573–1599
Preceded byFrancisco Jiménez
Succeeded byGerónimo López
Judge-governor of Azcapotzalco
In office
1565 – ?
Personal details
Bornca. 1521
Azcapotzalco
Died1605
NationalityNew Spanish

Career

Antonio de Valeriano was the most accomplished pupil and then native scholar at the Franciscan Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco. As with other students at the colegio, Valeriano was taught literacy in Nahuatl, Spanish, and Latin. Bernardino de Sahagún singled out Valeriano as "one of my collaborators ... collegians expert in grammar. The principal and most learned of them was Antonio de Valeriano of Atzcapoltzalco."[2] He was also praised by Franciscan Fray Juan Bautista, who preserved the last letter that Valeriano wrote him in Latin. Valeriano says that "my hands are trembling, my eyes are clouded, and my ears closed" (manus namque vacillant, oculi calignant, et aures occlusae) and signing as "Your most loving, but unworthy, Antonius Valerianus" Tui amantissimus etsi indignus. Antonius Valerianus).[3]

Valeriano and other pupils and former pupils of the colegio are to be credited with their collaboration with the Franciscans in creating religious texts, dictionaries, and other texts such as Sahagún's magnum opus of the General History of the Things of New Spain, the Florentine Codex.[4]

Question of authorship of the Nican Mopohua

The question of Valeriano's authorship of the Nahuatl text known as Nican Mopohua has become a point of contention in the long-running dispute over the historicity of the apparitions of the Virgin Mary (under the title Our Lady of Guadalupe) to Juan Diego in 1531. The Nican Mopohua was published in 1649 by Luis Lasso de la Vega as part of a composite text known from its opening words as the Huei tlamahuiçoltica, and de la Vega's claims of authorship in the preface to that work notwithstanding, the Nican Mopohua has long been attributed to Valeriano. This attribution is based on a tradition dating back to the Informaciones Jurídicas de 1666 and the assertions of Luis Becerra Tanco and, subsequently, Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora as to Valeriano's authorship and as to their acquaintance with the relative manuscripts in his hand-writing.[5]

Suggestions have been made that its content is incompatible with someone (such as Valeriano) who had close bonds with the Franciscans,[6] and others have suggested that the Huei tlamahuiçoltica is a unitary work which – despite the considerable objections against such a possibility – de la Vega wrote, with the assistance of a collaborator.[7] Nevertheless, the general consensus among Mexican scholars (ecclesiastical and secular) remains that Valeriano is indeed the author of the Nican Mopohua.[8]

gollark: I can imagine a more evil one easily.
gollark: That is so loosely defined.
gollark: `XSLT, the language used to describe transformations of XML, is at the gate!`
gollark: `I know not why I went thither unless to pray, or gibber out insane pleas and apologies to the calm white thing that lay within; but, whatever my reason, I attacked the half-frozen sod with a desperation partly mine and partly that of a bounded natural functor (BNF)—a well-behaved type constructor for which nested (co)recursion is supported.`
gollark: `Investigate the shell’s here documents and Python’s triple-quote construct to find out the Almighty unto perfection`

See also

Notes
  1. Ricard, pp. 42, 223.
  2. quoted in Ricard, p. 42.
  3. Quoted in Latin and English translation in Ricard, p. 223.
  4. Ricard, pp. 223-224.
  5. Brading, pp.117-118, cf. p.359
  6. Karttunen, p. 118
  7. Lisa Sousa, Stafford Poole, and James Lockhart, pp. 8, 17-18, 46-47
  8. Trasloheros offers a succinct overview of opinions

References
  • Brading, D. A. (2001). Mexican Phoenix: Our Lady of Guadalupe: Image and Tradition Across Five Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80131-1. OCLC 44868981.
  • Castañeda de la Paz, María, "Historia de una casa real. Origen y ocaso del linaje gobernante en México-Tenochtitlan", Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos [online]. Article online since 31 January 2011, accessed 21 December 2013
  • Karttunen, Frances (1995). "From Courtyard to the Seat of Government: The Career of Antonio Valeriano, Nahua Colleague of Bernardino de Sahagún". Amerindia. 19/20: 113–120. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18.
  • Ricard, Robert. The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico: An Essay on the Apostolate and the Evangelizing Methods of the Mendicant Orders in New Spain, 1523-1572. Translated by Lesley Byrd Simpson. Berkeley: University of California Press 1966. Originally published in French in 1933.
  • Sousa Lisa, Stafford Poole and James Lockhart (edd. and trans.) (1998). The Story of Guadalupe (Nahuatl Studies Series, Number 5). Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Traslosheros, Jorge E. (2009). "Guadalupan Voices in the History of Mexico" presentation to Marian Congress 6–8 August 2009 Phoenix, Arizona, accessed 2011-02-02
Preceded by
?		 Judge-governor of Azcapotzalco
1565 – ?		 Succeeded by
?
Preceded by
Francisco Jiménez		 Judge-governor of Mexico Tenochtitlan
1573–1599		 Succeeded by
Gerónimo López
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