Anolis roosevelti

Anolis roosevelti, also known commonly as Roosevelt's giant anole or the Culebra Island giant anole, is an extremely rare or possibly extinct species of lizard of the genus Anolis in the family Dactyloidae. The species is native to the Antilles.

Culebra Island giant anole

Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Iguania
Family: Dactyloidae
Genus: Anolis
Species:
A. roosevelti
Binomial name
Anolis roosevelti
Grant, 1931
Synonyms[2]
  • Xiphosurus roosevelti
    — Nicholson et al., 2012

Taxonomy and etymology

The Culebra Island giant anole was first described in 1931 by American zoologist Chapman Grant, grandson of U.S. President Grant. It is named in honor of Theodore Roosevelt Jr., who was the governor of Puerto Rico at that time.[3] It was initially described as Anolis roosevelti but some have suggested it should be transferred into the genus Xiphosurus in 2012.[4] However, this new classification system is highly controversial because it creates polyphyletic groups in the genus Anolis. Therefore, the new classification system of Anolis has not been universally accepted.[5]

Geographic range

Anolis roosevelti is endemic to Culebra Island in Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.[2]

Habitat

A. roosevelti lives in forested zones[1] on the slopes of Mt. Resaca.

Description

A. roosevelti can reach a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 160 mm (6.3 in). The color of the body is brown-grey, while the tail has a yellow-brown hue and the abdomen is whitish. The throat fan varies from gray on the upperparts to yellow on the underparts, and the eyelids are yellow. A further feature are two long drawn-out lines on both sides of the body; one starts at the ear, the other at the shoulder.

Reproduction

A. roosevelti is oviparous.[2]

Threats

Though A. roosevelti was only observed again in 1932 after its discovery, there have been unconfirmed sightings since 1973 (the last one in 1978). Some experts believe that it might still exist. It preferred a habitat with gumbo-limbo and ficus trees because it fed from the fruits of the trees. Due to human activities the habitat was almost destroyed; only a few specimens of the Culebra Giant Anole can be seen in museums. It was listed as federally endangered in the Endangered Species Act in 1977.

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See also

References
  1. de Queiroz K, Mayer GC (2011). "Anolis roosevelti ". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T1319A3418702. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T1319A3418702.en. Downloaded on 20 January 2020.
  2. Species Anolis roosevelti at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
  3. Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M. (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Anolis roosevelti, p. 226).
  4. Nicholson KE, Crother BI, Guyer C, Savage JM (2012). " It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae)". Zootaxa 3477: 1–108.
  5. Poe S (2013). "1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted". Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295-299.

Further reading
  • Grant C (1931). "A New Species and Two New Subspecies of the Genus Anolis ". J. Dept. Agri. Porto Rico 15 (3): 219–222. (Anolis roosevelti, new species, p. 219).
  • Schwartz A, Thomas R (1975). A Check-list of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication No. 1. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 216 pp. (Anolis roosevelti, p. 99).


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