Anne Livingstone, Countess of Eglinton

Anne or Anna Livingstone, Countess of Eglinton (d. 1632) was a Scottish courtier and aristocrat, and lady-in-waiting to Princess Elizabeth and Anne of Denmark.

Anne Livingstone was a daughter of Alexander Livingstone, 1st Earl of Linlithgow and Helenor Hay, who were the keepers of Princess Elizabeth at Linlithgow Palace.

At court

Livingstone went to England in the household of Princess Elizabeth in 1603. An accounts of expenses for clothing, jewels, gifts, and writing equipment written in italic by a young lady of Elizabeth's household at Coombe Abbey is probably hers.[1] She subsequently joined the household of Anna of Denmark, wife of James VI of Scotland and I of England as a chamberer.[2] On 11 December 1605 (after the Gunpowder plot) King James wrote to her father that her behaviour was satisfactory, but she would not be allowed home or given "room" - employment at that time.[3] However Rowland Whyte described "Lady Levingston" dancing with others at Hampton Court in October 1606, when the queen entertained the French ambassador the Count de Vaudemont.[4]

Marriage and life at Eglinton

In 1612 she married Sir Alexander Seton of Foulstruther, son of Robert Seton, Earl of Winton and Margaret Montgomerie, who adopted the surname Montgomerie and became Earl of Eglinton.[5] Montgomerie came to be known as "old Graysteel", a nickname referring to a character in an old poem enthralled to a powerful woman.[6]

Some of her correspondence survives. A letter from Jean Ruthven at Whitehall describes purchases for Anne, who wanted a "resting chair", a lantern, and lace in the latest fashion.[7] Letters from Jean Drummond, later Countess of Roxburghe show how she maintained contact with the court and queen, and offered Drummond gifts of aqua-vitae and linen. Drummond helped her by explaining to the queen why Eglinton had not chosen her as a godparent in 1613, and by interceding in "ane matter that tuiches Hir Majesties honour and His Majesties bothe" - the gift of the Eglinton earldom to her husband, which was legally complicated.[8]

She shared news of the court from John Murray of the bedchamber and his wife Elizabeth Schaw, especially about the Earl of Somerset and Thomas Overbury. She addressed her letters for the couple jointly to "Dear Brother", and three survive. She hoped that John Murray would encourage the king to further her family's interests.[9] Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline sent the Murrays news of her illness during the birth of her son Alexander and recovery in November 1615.[10] On 19 August 1617 she presented their son James Murray at his christening in the Chapel Royal at Holyrood Palace.[11]

In Scotland, she lived at Seton Palace, Callendar House, Polnoon Castle and Eglinton Castle. A household account from 1618 reveals that she supervised the production of linen, buying lint in Edinburgh, and played the virginals.[12] Anne gave linen to her sister-in-law, Isabella Seton, dowager Countess of Perth, and exchanged books with her.[13]

Her husband had visited the exiled minister John Welsh in France at Jonzac in 1611 before their marriage; Anne is said to have helped and encouraged her husband to prevent the banishment of David Dickson the minister of Irvine, who then preached at Eglinton Castle for two months in 1622 before he was confined in Turriff despite Eglinton's continued efforts.[14] Robert Wodrow recorded a story told by his father that Anne, her sister Margaret Countess of Wigtown, and the poet Lady Culross (Elizabeth Melville), and other women had welcomed Dickson with enthusiasm at Eglinton Castle.[15] In 1627 Wigtown wrote that she should come to Cumbernauld Castle to hear Robert Bruce of Kinnaird preach, and in 1629 he wrote to her on the subject of Grace and election. John Welsh's son Josias wrote to her describing his parish at Templepatrick.[16]

Anne Livingstone died in 1632.

Portraits and jewels

When Anne Kivingstone returned to Scotland in July 1607, Anna of Denmark gave her a pearl and other jewels to hang from a pendant, a gold necklace chain of gold elements set with pearls, rubies and diamonds, "green snakes" and "S" shaped pieces, and a gold jewel showing the "Annunciation of our Lady" with diamonds and rubies.[17] Another jewel given to Anne Livingstone at this time cost the king £400.[18]

The Countess left a great jewel containing fourteen diamonds and five pendant triangle diamonds to her son Hugh Montgomerie, 7th Earl of Eglinton.[19]

A portrait of a young woman c. 1610 in the private Seafield collection labelled "Lady Livingston" may be her. In the portrait "Lady Livingston" wears a miniature of Anne of Denmark, and this may be a locket and miniature now in the Fitzwilliam Museum which came from the Eglinton collection. The jewelled locket may have been made by George Heriot in 1610, and the miniature in the studio of Nicholas Hilliard.[20]

Family

Her children included:

  • Hugh Montgomerie (1613-1669), later 7th Earl of Eglinton, who married Anne Hamilton (d. 1632), and secondly Mary Leslie.
  • Henry Montgomerie of Giffen, who married Jean Campbell.
  • Colonel Alexander Montgomerie (b. 1615).
  • Colonel James Montgomerie of Coylsfield (d. 1675), who married Margaret MacDonald.
  • General Robert Montgomerie, who married Elizabeth Livingstone, and was wounded at the Battle of Marston Moor.[21]
  • Margaret Montgomerie, who married John Hay, 1st Earl of Tweeddale, and secondly, William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn.
  • Eleanor Montgomerie.
  • Anna Montgomerie.
gollark: No, it's obviously Rankine.
gollark: I have been to America in the past, I think, when I was very young, but it seems bee in some ways so I *may* not go again.
gollark: Unless you're using the wrong temperature units.
gollark: 108 degrees sounds unpleasant, would you not... immediately die and literally boil?
gollark: (if you are not aware of minoteaur, "ambi", please use the search option)

References
  1. HMC Reports on the manuscripts of the Earl of Eglinton etc. (London, 1885), pp. 30-32: William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1859), pp. 244-251: The account is now National Records of Scotland GD3//6/2 no.4.
  2. Jemma Field, Anna of Denmark: Material and Visual Culture of the Stuart Courts (Manchester, 2020), p. 133.
  3. William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1859), p. 76, 170.
  4. Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, vol. 2 (London, 1791), p. 316.
  5. William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1859), pp. 255-8.
  6. William Drummond, The genealogy of the most noble and ancient House of Drummond (Glasgow, 1879), p. 150.
  7. William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1859), p. 194, now NRS GD3/5/56.
  8. William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1859), pp. 189-91: Cynthia Fry, 'Perceptions of Influences', in Nadine Akkerman, The Politics of Female Households (Brill: Leiden, 2014), p. 283.
  9. William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1859), p. 199: James Maidment, Letters and State Papers of James the Sixth (Edinburgh, 1838), pp. 289-91, now NLS Adv. MS 33.1.1 vol. 10 no. 120: Thomas Birch (Folkestone Williams), Court and Times of James the First vol. 1 (London, 1848), p. 367: Sarah Dunningan, C. Marie Harker, Evelyn S. Newlyn, Woman and the Feminine in Medieval and Early Modern Scottish Writing (Basingstoke, 2004), p. 220, references to other letters.
  10. James Maidment, Letters and State Papers of James the Sixth (Edinburgh, 1838), p. 269.
  11. David Calderwood, History of the Kirk of Scotland, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1845), p. 277.
  12. HMC Reports on the manuscripts of the Earl of Eglinton etc. (London, 1885), p. 33: William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1859), pp. 207-8.
  13. William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1859), p. 205.
  14. David Calderwood, History of the Kirk of Scotland, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1845), pp. 541, 567-8: National Records of Scotland GD3/6/2 nos. 8, 11.
  15. Robert Wodrow, Analecta vol. 1 (Maitland Club, 1842), p. 19.
  16. HMC Reports on the manuscripts of the Earl of Eglinton etc. (London, 1885), pp. 46-7: William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1859), p. 218.
  17. Diana Scarisbrick, 'Anne of Denmark's Jewellery Inventory', Archaeologia or Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity, vol. 109, (Torquay, 1991), p. 200, 212-3, 226, the inventory is National Library of Scotland Adv. MS 31.1.10: Jemma Field, Anna of Denmark: Material and Visual Culture of the Stuart Courts (Manchester, 2020), p. 140.
  18. National Archives, TNA SP14/46/137.
  19. HMC 3rd Report, Earl of Seafield (London, 1872), p. 404.
  20. Diana Scarisbrick, 'Anne of Denmark's Jewellery Inventory', Archaeologia or Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity vol. 109, (Torquay, 1991), p. 200, and see external links here.
  21. Steve Murdoch & Alexia Grosjean, Alexander Leslie and the Scottish Generals of the Thirty Year's War (London, 2014), p. 32.
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