Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton

Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton (6 January 1632[1] – 17 October 1716) was a Scottish peeress.

Her Grace

The Duchess of Hamilton
3rd Duchess of Hamilton
The Duchess of Hamilton, by David Scougall.
Tenure1651–1698
PredecessorWilliam Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton
SuccessorJames Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton
Other titles
  • Marchioness of Clydesdale
  • Countess of Lanark
  • Countess of Arran and Cambridge
  • Lady of Aven and Innerdale
Born(1631-01-06)6 January 1631
Palace of Whitehall, London
Died17 October 1716(1716-10-17) (aged 85)
Hamilton
BuriedBent cemetery, Hamilton
NationalityScottish
ResidenceHamilton Palace
Spouse(s)William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk
Issue
Parents

The daughter of Sir James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton and 3rd Marquess of Hamilton, Scottish General and premier peer of the realm, and Lady Mary Feilding, daughter of William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh, and his wife, the former Lady Susan Villiers, a sister of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham.

She was born at the Palace of Whitehall in London, where her mother was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Henrietta Maria of France, wife of King Charles I of Scotland and of England.

Accession

Following the 1st Duke's execution for his part in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in 1649, his brother, William, Earl of Lanark, inherited the titles and lands. William died from wounds received at the Battle of Worcester in 1651, whilst leading his regiment into some of the thickest of the fighting. In his will made at the Hague in 1650, he stipulated that the Lady Anne was his heir, over and above his own children, (all daughters, his only son having died in childhood).

Lady Anne became the Duchess of Hamilton, with the subsidiary titles Marchioness of Clydesdale, Countess of Arran, Lanark and Cambridge, the Lady Aven, Innerdale, Machanshire and Polmont.[2][3] She succeeded to the Dukedom of Hamilton thanks to a remainder that stipulated, the Dukedom should devolve upon his brother and male heirs, and that the eldest daughter of the 1st Duke should succeed to the Dukedom only if her uncle died leaving no sons.

Through paternal descent, Anne had a claim to the throne of Scotland, although this was dependent upon the failure of the House of Stewart. She was descended from James II through the marriage of the 1st Lord Hamilton to James's daughter Mary. Her great great grandfather, the 2nd Earl of Arran, had been heir presumptive from the death of Regent Albany until the birth of James VI, and had served as Regent of Scotland during the childhood and absence in France of Mary, Queen of Scots.

Marriage and issue

She was wed in 1656, at the kirk of Corstorphine near Edinburgh, to William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk, a younger son of William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas. Selkirk was created Duke of Hamilton for his lifetime, included the subsidiary titles pertaining to the Dukedom de jure uxoris, and in 1660 he assumed the surname Douglas-Hamilton. Between 1657 and 1673, the couple produced 13 children.

The Earl of Arran's father died in 1694, and in July 1698 his mother resigned all her titles into the hand of King William, who regranted them to Arran a month later in a charter signed at Het Loo, Netherlands. He was conferred with the titles: Duke of Hamilton, Marquess of Clydesdale, Earl of Arran, Earl of Lanark, Earl of Cambridge, Lord Aven, Polmont, Machansyre, and Innerdale.[4] This regrant of title was presumably because of the loyalty of Arran's parents to the King, as his own affection to the House of Orange was questionable due to his suspected Jacobitism. The Duchess died at Hamilton on 17 October 1716, and is buried there, in the Bent Cemetery.

Building works

After her marriage the Duchess and her husband set about laying the foundations for what would be, under later Dukes, the largest private residence in the western hemisphere, Hamilton Palace.

This was constructed on the site of what was commonly called either the 'Palace' or 'The Orchard', a courtyard style building in the "Low Parks of Hamilton". The Hamiltons had lived in the "Low parks" the more formal area of their estate, in the Clyde valley, since the fourteenth century.

In 1684 she commissioned the architect, James Smith to remodel the existing buildings, removing the southern part of the previous courtyard building on the site and increasing the scale of the edifice to form a U-shaped mansion house.

Today, the Palace is no more, and the "Low Parks" now form part of Strathclyde Park, having been given to the nation in lieu of death duties upon the passing of the 14th Duke of Hamilton in 1973.

Another of the Duchess's works was the building of a new school building to house the Grammar School of Hamilton (in 1848 renamed the Hamilton Academy) which had originally been endowed in 1588 by her great grandfather John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Hamilton and sited near the churchyard adjoining Hamilton Palace. In 1714 the Duchess presented this new school building on the newly named Grammar School Square to the Town Council of Hamilton. The building remained in the school's use until 1848 when, as now the Hamilton Academy, the school relocated to a further purpose-built building. Duchess Anne's building of 1714 survived until its demolition in 1932, a plaque commemorating the site being subsequently erected by Hamilton Civic Society, the Hamilton family continuing as benefactors of the school (see article Hamilton Academy.)

Ancestry
gollark: It might take several times longer than doing it by hand, but AUTOMATION.
gollark: Automate your random boring task!
gollark: > I wonder how long until neural interfaces are a thingGiven the current state of software security, I do not want computers near my brain.
gollark: <@!311619295010357248> > Couldn't you just temporarily find-and-replace that in the discord.py or whatever else code, until you can update it properly?
gollark: `blacklist` with `denylist`, as apparently that's what they changed.

References

Notes
  1. G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume VI, page 264.
  2. Scots Peerage Vol IV,p.381
  3. The Dukedom of Châtellerault had been forfeit in 1559, though reaffirmed for the 12th Duke of Hamilton by Napoleon III
  4. Scot's Peerage Vol IV, p. 383
  5. Lundy, Darryl. "Anne Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton". The Peerage. Peerage.com
  6. Lundy, Darryl. "Elizabeth Leveson". The Peerage. Peerage.com
  7. A genealogical and heraldic history of the extinct and dormant baronetcies of England, by J. and J.B. Burke, page 547.

Bibliography
  • Balfour Paul, Sir James The Scots Peerage IX Vols. Edinburgh, 1907
  • Marshall, Dr. Rosalind K. The Days of Duchess Anne-Life in the Household of the Duchess of Hamilton 1656–1716. Edinburgh: Tuckwell press. 1973(2000ed.)
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by
William Hamilton		 Duchess of Hamilton
1651–1698		 Succeeded by
James Hamilton
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