Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov

Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov (Russian: Андре́й Никола́евич Ти́хонов; October 17, 1906 – October 7, 1993) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician and geophysicist known for important contributions to topology, functional analysis, mathematical physics, and ill-posed problems. He was also one of the inventors of the magnetotellurics method in geophysics. Other transliterations of his surname include "Tychonoff", "Tychonov", "Tihonov", "Tichonov."

Andrey Tikhonov
Born(1906-10-17)17 October 1906
Gzhatsk, Russian Empire
DiedOctober 7, 1993(1993-10-07) (aged 86)
Moscow, Russia
NationalityRussian
Alma materMoscow State University
Known forImportant contributions to topology, functional analysis, mathematical physics, ill-posed problems; Tychonoff spaces, Tychonoff's theorem, Tikhonov regularization, Tikhonov's theorem (dynamical systems), magnetotellurics geophysical method.
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
InstitutionsMoscow State University
Doctoral advisorPavel Alexandrov
Doctoral studentsAleksandr Andreyevich Samarskiĭ

Biography

Born in Gzhatsk, he studied at the Moscow State University where he received a Ph.D. in 1927 under the direction of Pavel Sergeevich Alexandrov.[1] In 1933 he was appointed as a professor at Moscow State University. He became a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences on 29 January 1939 and a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences on 1 July 1966.

Research work

Tikhonov worked in a number of different fields in mathematics. He made important contributions to topology, functional analysis, mathematical physics, and certain classes of ill-posed problems. Tikhonov regularization, one of the most widely used methods to solve ill-posed inverse problems, is named in his honor. He is best known for his work on topology, including the metrization theorem he proved in 1926, and the Tychonoff's theorem, which states that every product of arbitrarily many compact topological spaces is again compact. In his honor, completely regular topological spaces are also named Tychonoff spaces.

In mathematical physics, he proved the fundamental uniqueness theorems for the heat equation[2] and studied Volterra integral equations.

He founded the theory of asymptotic analysis for differential equations with small parameter in the leading derivative.[3]

Organizer work

Tikhonov played the leading role in founding the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics of Moscow State University and served as its first dean during the period of 1970–1990.

Memorial board of A.N. Tikhonov on the MSU Second Humanities Building where the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics is located

Awards

Tikhonov received numerous honors and awards for his work, including the Lenin Prize (1966) and the Hero of Socialist Labor (1954, 1986).

Publications

Books
  • A.G. Sveshnikov, A.N. Tikhonov, The Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable, Mir Publishers, English translation, 1978.
  • A.N. Tikhonov, V.Y. Arsenin, Solutions of Ill-Posed Problems, Winston, New York, 1977. ISBN 0-470-99124-0.
  • A.N. Tikhonov, A.V. Goncharsky, Ill-posed Problems in the Natural Sciences, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1987. ISBN 0-8285-3739-9.
  • A.N. Tikhonov, A.A. Samarskii, Equations of Mathematical Physics, Dover Publications, 1990. ISBN 0-486-66422-8.
  • A.N. Tikhonov, A.V. Goncharsky, V.V. Stepanov, A.G. Yagola, Numerical Methods for the Solution of Ill-Posed Problems, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995. ISBN 0-7923-3583-X.
  • A.N. Tikhonov, A.S. Leonov, A.G. Yagola. Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems, Chapman and Hall, London, Weinheim, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, V. 1-2, 1998. ISBN 0-412-78660-5.

Papers
  1. Andrei Nikolaevich Tikhonov at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  2. A. Tychonoff (1935). "Théorèmes d'unicité pour l'équation de la chaleur". Matematicheskii Sbornik. 42 (2): 199–216.
  3. A. N. Tikhonov (1952). "Systems of Differential Equations Containing Small Parameters in the Derivatives". Mathematical Sbornik. 31 (73): 3.
gollark: If you can't actually explain what you're doing in any language you know... can you actually do it?
gollark: `newtype Matrix = Matrix [[Double]]`, to use a kind of bad Haskelly definition.
gollark: Sets are unordered and contain unique values, for one thing.
gollark: No, matrices aren't sets of sets.
gollark: Um. Well, possibly, but that's... not something which is used, as far as I know.
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