Andrew Haldane

Andrew Allison Haldane (August 22, 1917 – October 12, 1944), known as Andy and nicknamed "Ack-Ack",[1] was an officer in the United States Marine Corps in the Pacific theatre during World War II. He was shot and killed during the Battle of Peleliu. Haldane is "one of the most revered figures in the history of the U.S. Marines."[2]

For the Bank of England banker, see Andy Haldane. For other Haldanes, see Haldane.
Andrew Haldane
Birth nameAndrew Allison Haldane
Nickname(s)Ack Ack
Born(1917-08-22)August 22, 1917
Lawrence, Massachusetts
DiedOctober 12, 1944(1944-10-12) (aged 27)
Hill 140, Peleliu, Palau  †
Place of burial
Section 12 Site 5367 Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance United States
Service/branch United States Marine Corps
Years of service1942–1944
Rank Captain
UnitKing Company, 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division (The Old Breed) (Blue Diamond)
Battles/warsWorld War II
*Guadalcanal Campaign
*Battle of Cape Gloucester
*Battle of Peleliu
AwardsSilver Star (2)

Early life

Haldane was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts and lived in Methuen, Massachusetts most of his life. He was of Scottish descent and graduated from the Searles High School in 1935, and attended St John’s Prep in Danvers, then Bridgton Academy in Bridgton, Maine.[3]

He graduated from Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine,[4] where the memory of Captain Haldane is honored annually by presenting the Haldane Cup to the graduating senior who has displayed outstanding qualities of leadership and character. At Bowdoin he was captain of the football team and president of the student council,[5][6] and he was voted most popular senior in 1940.[7] He became assistant football coach at Bowdoin in October 1941 after graduating that June. He had planned to coach for a season before joining the Marine Corps, but he was called up after coaching for a mere two weeks.[8][9][10][11]

World War II

He became a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps in 1942 and graduated from the Reserve Officers' Training School in Quantico.[4] He served with the 1st Marine Division on Guadalcanal,[12] and was commanding officer of Company K at Cape Gloucester, where he received the Silver Star for leading hand-to-hand combat in a fight on Walt's Ridge. He led Company K through most of the fight for Peleliu. Haldane was shot by a Japanese sniper on October 12, 1944, while assessing the area of Hill 140 during the Battle of Peleliu in the Palau Islands, three days before the Marines came off the lines.[1][6] A Sea Scouts Ship was named in his honor at his old college.[13]

In Eugene Sledge's With the Old Breed

Eugene Sledge, a mortar-man in Company "K", describes what happened to his company's commander in his book, With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa:

At the time of Captain Haldane's death, the bulk of Company K was operating with its parent battalion (3/5) on Hill 140 within the Umurbrogol Pocket. In an attempt to orient himself to the strange terrain his company was occupying, Haldane was peeking over a ridge and was shot by a Japanese sniper and was killed instantly.[14] First Lieutenant Thomas J. Stanley succeeded him as commander of K/3/5. Stanley led Company K through the remainder of the Peleliu campaign and on to Okinawa the following spring.

In his book, Sledge pays his leader a tribute:[15]

Capt. Andy Haldane wasn't an idol. He was human. But he commanded our individual destinies under the most trying conditions with the utmost compassion. We knew he could never be replaced. He was the finest Marine officer I ever knew. The loss of many close friends grieved me deeply on Peleliu and Okinawa. But to all of us the loss of our company commander at Peleliu was like losing a parent we depended upon for security – not our physical security, because we knew that was a commodity beyond our reach in combat, but our mental security.... So ended the outstanding combat career of a fine officer who had distinguished himself at Guadalcanal, Cape Gloucester, and Peleliu. We had lost our leader and our friend. Our lives would never be the same. But we turned back to the ugly business at hand.

Haldane is portrayed by actor Scott Gibson in the 2010 HBO miniseries, The Pacific, which used Sledge's memoir as source material.[2][6]

In R.V. Burgin's Islands of the Damned

Romus Burgin, another mortar-man in Company "K", also speaks highly of Captain Haldane in his book, Islands of the Damned: A Marine at War in the Pacific:[16]

(Captain Haldane) was as well liked as any officer I knew. I never heard him raise his voice at any man. He was firm, but he was a gentleman, and compassionate.

His death is also described in this book. When Third Battalion arrived to relieve the Second Battalion on Hill 140,[17]

Everybody was warning them not to show their heads over the top. Jap snipers on the far side were alert, and deadly. But someone needed to see what was beyond the hill in order to direct the battalion's fire.... Second Battalion's own machine gunners were dug in so low, they could hardly see what they were shooting at. They had to sight their guns by looking under the barrels. This was not satisfactory to Captain Haldane, who was himself an old machine gunner. He slithered forward a few feet and cautiously raised his head. Everybody heard a sharp thwack and knew instantly what it meant. Those who were close enough said his head just exploded. There was no point in even calling for a corpsman.

Awards

First Silver Star citation

Citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Captain Andrew A. Haldane (MCSN: 0-8740), United States Marine Corps Reserve, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity as Commanding Officer of Company K, Third Battalion, Fifth Marines, FIRST Marine Division in action against enemy Japanese forces at Cape Gloucester, New Britain, January 9-10, 1944. With utter disregard for his own personal safety Captain Haldance fearlessly directed the attack of his company against strongly emplaced enemy positions on Aogiri Ridge in the face of intense Machine gun, mortar and sniper fire. Later, in the pitch darkness of early morning he valiantly led his command in a determined stand against five vicious counter attacks by a superior number of fanatical Japanese troops, thereby contributing in a large measure to securing the beachhead line of the airdrome. Captain Haldane's brilliant leadership and indomitable fighting spirit were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.[18]

Second Silver Star citation

Citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pride in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Silver Star (Posthumously) to Captain Andrew A. Haldane (MCSN: 0-8740), United States Marine Corps Reserve, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity as Commanding Officer of Company K, Third Battalion, Fifth Marines, FIRST Marine Division in action against enemy Japanese forces on Peleliu and Ngesebus Islands, Palau Group from 15 September to 12 October 1944. A splendid and fearless leader, Captain Haldane repeatedly led his assault company through intense hostile artillery and small arms fire to rout the enemy from strongly held positions with heavy losses. On 12 October, he personally directed a platoon of his men against a firmly defended cave on an important ridge continuing his heroic efforts until mortally wounded by Japanese sniper fire. By his inspiring courage and disregard for personal safety, Captain Haldane contributed materially to the success of our forces in these strategic areas and his valiant conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.[18]

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References
  1. Sloan, Bill (2006). Brotherhood of Heroes: The Marines at Peleliu, 1944. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  2. Myles, Ruth (7 April 2010). "Canada's Scott Gibson heads to The Pacific". Canwest News Service. Ottawa, Canada. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  3. Gagnon, Dan (March 2010). "Andrew Haldane". Methuen Life.
  4. "Gus Rooney is trying to line up baseball club". Lewiston Daily Sun. 28 April 1942. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  5. "Andy Haldane should come into his own this fall". Lewiston Evening Journal. 11 September 1940. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  6. Abbruzzese, Kelsey (9 February 2007). "Miniseries 'The Pacific War' to feature alum war hero". The Bowdoin Orient. Archived from the original on 30 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
  7. "Bowdoin's Ivy Day is Held Indoors". Lewiston Daily Sun. 18 May 1940. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  8. Associated Press (7 October 1941). "Bowdoin Assistant". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  9. "Haldane Appointed To Bowdoin Staff". The Hartford Courant. 7 October 1941. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  10. "Andy Haldane added to Bowdoin staff". The Lewiston Daily Sun. 7 October 1941. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  11. "Haldane Called to Service in Marines". The Lewiston Daily Sun. 25 October 1941. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  12. "Capt. Andy Haldane now a veteran and hero of Guadalcanal". The Lewiston Daily Sun. 14 October 1943. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  13. "Sea Scouts meet". The Lewiston Daily Sun. 8 March 1950. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  14. Sledge, Eugene B. With the Old Breed. p. 151.
  15. Sledge, Eugene B. With the Old Breed. pp. 140–41.
  16. Burgin, R.V. Islands of the Damned: A Marine at War in the Pacific. p. 112.
  17. Burgin, R.V. Islands of the Damned: A Marine at War in the Pacific. pp. 180–181.
  18. "Andrew A. Haldane". Military Times.
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