Ammopiptanthus

The genus Ammopiptanthus, endemic to the eastern desert of Central Asia, includes two species: A. mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng f. and A. nanus (M. Pop.) Cheng f.

Ammopiptanthus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Tribe:
Sophoreae[1]
Genus:
Ammopiptanthus

S. H. Cheng
Species

2–3; see text.

Ammopiptanthus is the only genus of evergreen broadleaf shrub in the northwest desert of China and both species are dominant in the local vegetation, so this genus plays an important role in fixing moving sands and delaying further desertification. The biological property of Ammopiptanthus evergreen broadleaf has been viewed as an ancestral trait that identifies it as a Tertiary relict taxon. The vegetation in northwest China was dominated by evergreen and/or deciduous broadleaf forests in the early Tertiary period according to the fossil evidence. When subsequent changes made the climate colder and drier from the early Miocene (24–16 Ma) in Central Asia, the forests were gradually replaced by steppe and then by desert. Today, their habitats are stony and/or sandy deserts where the climate is arid (annual precipitation ranges from 100–160 mm) and the temperature varies from below -30 °C in the winter to +40 °C in the summer. Because of low seed germination rates in the harsh environments and increasing anthropogenic pressures in their natural range, both A. mongolicus and A. nanus have been categorized as 'endangered' species. As a relict survivor of the evergreen broadleaf forest in this region from the Tertiary period, Ammopiptanthus has acquired the strong ability to adapt to the dry and extremely cold environments. The characteristics described above have recently attracted scientific attention to their anatomy, cold and drought stress resistance, and genetic diversity and geographic differentiation.[2]

Species

Ammopiptanthus comprises the following species:[3][4][5]

  • Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Kom.) S.H. Cheng
  • Ammopiptanthus nanus (Popov) S.H. Cheng

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:[5]

  • Ammopiptanthus kamelinii Lazkov
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References
  1. Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk B-E, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
  2. Liu, Meiqin; Shi, Jing; Lu, Cunfu (2013-01-01). "Identification of stress-responsive genes in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus using ESTs generated from cold- and drought-stressed seedlings". BMC Plant Biology. 13: 88. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-13-88. ISSN 1471-2229. PMC 3679971. PMID 23734749.
  3. "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Ammopiptanthus". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  4. USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Ammopiptanthus". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  5. "The Plant List entry for Ammopiptanthus". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2014.


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