Al-Adli ar-Rumi

Al-Ádlí ar-Rúmí was an Arab player and theoretician of Shatranj, an ancient form of chess from Persia. Originally from Anatolia[1], he authored one of the first treatises on Shatranj in 842, called Kitab ash-shatranj[2] ('Book of Chess').

He was recognized as the best Shatranj player in the 9th century[3] during the reign of al-Wathiq until his loss to al-Razi, just before[4] or early into[5] the reign of al-Mutawakkil.

In his treatise al-Adli compiled the ideas of his predecessors on Shatranj. The book was lost but the problems he discussed survived in the works of successors[4]. Mansūbāt were end game scenarios, where victory was obtained either by checkmate or stalemate, or by baring the opposing king[6].

From his work came a variant[7] of the Dilaram problem[8], attributed to al-Suli[9][10] and called Dilaram checkmate. In a manuscript from the early 15th century, a similar problem was accompanied by the story of a figure named Dilaram, who was the favourite slave of a certain chess player reduced to a desperate position in a match[11][12].

Bibliography
  • Giffard, Nicolas; Biénabe, Alain (2009). Le Nouveau Guide des échecs. Traité complet (in French). Robert Laffont, coll. «Bouquins». p. 1710. ISBN 978-2-221-11013-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Le Lionnais, François; Maget, Ernst (1967). Dictionnaire des échecs (in French). Paris: Presses universitaires de France. p. 432.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hooper, David; Whyld, Ken (1992). The Oxford Companion To Chess. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866164-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Murray, H. J. R. (1913). A History of Chess. Oxford University Press. p. 879. ISBN 0-19-827403-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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References
  1. Péchiné, Jean-Michel (November 1997). Roi des jeux, jeu des rois, Les échecs (in French). Découvertes Gallimard. p. 30.
  2. Murray 1913, p. 169.
  3. Golombek, Harry (1981). The Penguin Encyclopedia of Chess. Penguin. p. 11.
  4. Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 408.
  5. Murray 1913, p. 170.
  6. Le Lionnais & Maget 1967, pp. 182,236.
  7. Murray 1913, p. 318.
  8. Giffard & Biénabe 2009, p. 789.
  9. Murray 1913, p. 311.
  10. Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 109.
  11. Giffard & Biénabe 2009, p. 336.
  12. Le Lionnais & Maget 1967, p. 116.
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