Aimé Emmanuel Yoka

Aimé Emmanuel Yoka is a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of State for Justice from 2007 to 2016. Previously he was Director of the Cabinet of President Denis Sassou Nguesso from 2002 to 2007.

Political career

Yoka was born at Oyo, located in the north of Congo-Brazzaville;[1][2] he is the uncle of President Denis Sassou Nguesso[3] and a lawyer by profession.[2][4]

Under Sassou Nguesso, Yoka was first appointed to the government on 28 December 1980 as Minister-Delegate for Cooperation, working at the Presidency.[5][6][7] Subsequently, he was Director of the Cabinet of the President before being appointed as Minister of Mines, Energy, and Posts and Telecommunications in August 1988. He was elected to the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT) for the first time at the PCT's Fourth Ordinary Congress on 26–31 July 1989, and he was retained in his ministerial post in the government appointed on 13 August 1989. He left the government when the PCT's single-party rule collapsed in 1990–1991.[3]

Shortly after the outbreak of the 1997 civil war on 5 June 1997, Yoka was included on the National Mediation Committee.[8] When Sassou Nguesso returned to power in October 1997, ousting President Pascal Lissouba, he scrapped the elected local authorities that had been put in place under Lissouba and directly appointed new local authorities. Sassou Nguesso appointed Yoka as mayor of Brazzaville, the capital;[9] Yoka served in that post from 1997 to 1999,[10] and he was Congo-Brazzaville's Ambassador to Morocco from 1999 to 2002.[1] During that period, Yoka also chaired the commission responsible for drafting the 2002 constitution.[4][11][12]

On 19 August 2002, Yoka was again appointed as Director of the Cabinet of President Sassou Nguesso, with the rank of Minister;[1][11] accordingly, he succeeded Gérard Bitsindou in that capacity on 22 August 2002.[13] As Director of the Presidential Cabinet, Yoka was described as "very active and very independent".[14] He was subsequently appointed to the government as Minister of State for Justice and Human Rights on 3 March 2007,[15] and he was succeeded as Director of the Cabinet by Firmin Ayessa on 22 May 2007.[16]

Sassou Nguesso, acting on Yoka's recommendation as Minister of Justice, commuted all death sentences to life in prison with hard labor in August 2007.[17]

After a French group, Zoe's Ark, made an abortive attempt to fly children out of Chad to Europe, causing a major scandal, Yoka announced on 31 October 2007 that the Congolese government was suspending international adoptions. Explaining this decision, he cited the Chadian incident as well as the adoptions of 17 Congolese children by Spanish families, which occurred shortly before the Chadian incident.[18]

Yoka faced criticism from human rights advocates in late 2007 for inaction on a draft law on the protection of indigenous peoples, despite the government's apparent support for it.[19]

Prior to the July 2009 presidential election, Yoka was President of the Preparatory Committee for the National Initiative for Peace (INP), a political association promoting Sassou Nguesso's re-election while stressing the importance of peace. At the association's debut rally in Brazzaville on 28 February 2009, Yoka introduced it to the public, explaining the purpose and approach of the INP.[20] After Sassou Nguesso won re-election, he retained Yoka in his post as Minister of State for Justice and Human Rights on 15 September 2009. The government was also reorganized into four broad sectors, with one minister assigned responsibility for coordinating each of the four sectors; Yoka was one of the ministers chosen as a coordinator and was assigned the sovereignty sector.[21]

In the July–August 2012 parliamentary election, Yoka was elected to the National Assembly as the PCT candidate in Vindza constituency, located in the Pool Department. He won the seat in the second round of voting, receiving 56.05% of the vote.[22]

In the National Assembly on 25 April 2014, opposition leader Pascal Tsaty-Mabiala asked Yoka a question in which he claimed that it was an "open secret" that President Sassou Nguesso wanted the constitution to be changed to enable him to run for another term. Alleging that the goal was being pursued through "shameless manipulation", Tsaty-Mabiala argued that the government should hold a national dialogue on the matter. Yoka replied that such a dialogue would be unnecessary and that it would be simpler for Parliament to debate the constitution, and he accordingly asked Justin Koumba, the President of the National Assembly, to initiate a parliamentary debate on the matter.[23]

After Sassou Nguesso's victory in the March 2016 presidential election, Yoka was dismissed from the government on 30 April 2016.[24][25] He was succeeded at the Ministry of Justice by Pierre Mabiala on 4 May.[26][27] Yoka then returned to his seat in the National Assembly.[28]

gollark: Oh, good, I made #2.
gollark: This is ridiculous.
gollark: Why does the RNG keep saying I wrote #5?!
gollark: #5, my entry, works optimally.
gollark: Bee-based inference.

References
  1. "Who's Who", Congo Brazzaville: Les Hommes de Pouvoir, number 1, Africa Intelligence, 29 October 2002 (in French).
  2. John F. Clark and Samuel Decalo, Historical Dictionary of Republic of the Congo, fourth edition (2012), Scarecrow Press, page 459.
  3. Rémy Bazenguissa-Ganga, Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique (1997), Karthala Editions, pages 292–296 (in French).
  4. "Nepotists' nirvana", Africa Confidential, volume 45, number 9, 30 April 2004.
  5. "Décret N° 79-706 du 28 decembre 1980 portant nomination des membres du Conseil des Ministres", Presidency of Congo-Brazzaville, 28 December 1980 (in French).
  6. Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social, and Cultural Series, volume 17 (1981), page 5,891.
  7. "Oct 1983 - Government changes", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 29, October 1983, page 32,421.
  8. "Congo: Mediation committee set up, calls for cease-fire", Congolese National Radio, 8 June 1997.
  9. John F. Clark, The Failure of Democracy in the Republic of Congo (2008), Lynne Rienner Publishers, page 265.
  10. "126e anniversaire de Brazzaville. L'organisation administrative de la capitale", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 28 September 2006 (in French).
  11. "Emmanuel Yoka et Firmin Ayessa appelés à diriger le cabinet du président de la République", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 20 August 2002 (in French).
  12. Jeune Afrique L'intelligent, issues 2,137–2,145 (2002), page 238.
  13. "Programme summary of Congolese radio from Brazzaville news 1800 gmt 23 Aug 02", Radio Congo, 27 August 2002.
  14. François Soudan, "Les hommes du président", Jeune Afrique, 17 January 2005 (in French).
  15. "Congo-Brazzaville: Remaniement du gouvernement « Mvouba »", Gabonews, 3 March 2007 (in French).
  16. "Passation de pouvoirs au Cabinet présidentiel : Firmin Ayessa succède à Aimé Emmanuel Yoka", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 22 May 2007 (in French).
  17. Joël Nsoni, "Il n'y a plus de condamnés à mort en République du Congo", La Semaine Africaine, number 2,721, 24 August 2007, page 3 (in French).
  18. "Republic of Congo suspends international adoptions following Chad scandal", Associated Press, 1 November 2007.
  19. "Congo: Human rights groups urge legal protection for indigenous communities", IRIN, 28 November 2007.
  20. Thierry Noungou, "Plusieurs personnalités proches du président Denis Sassou N'Guesso s'organisent autour du concept de la paix", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 2 March 2009 (in French).
  21. "Remaniement ministériel post-électoral", Agence France-Presse, 16 September 2009 (in French).
  22. "Résultats du deuxième tour des élections législatives", La Semaine Africaine, 11 August 2012 (in French).
  23. Cyr Armel Yabbat-Ngo, "Débat sur le changement de la constitution : Aimé Emmanuel Yoka appelle à un débat républicain à l’assemblée nationale", La Semaine Africaine, 29 April 2014 (in French).
  24. "Exécutif : le gouvernement de rupture au grand complet" Archived 2016-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, ADIAC, 1 May 2016 (in French).
  25. Trésor Kibangula, "Congo-Brazzaville : ce qu’il faut savoir sur le nouveau gouvernement", Jeune Afrique, 3 May 2016 (in French).
  26. Jean Jacques Koubemba, "Ministère de la Justice : Pierre Mabiala promet un cadre fort, débarrassé des antivaleurs", ADIAC, 5 May 2016 (in French).
  27. Cyr Armel Yabbat-Ngo, "Ministère de la justice, des droits humains et de la promotion des peuples autochtones : Pour Pierre Mabiala, la justice ne peut être un foyer d’antivaleurs", La Semaine Africaine, 14 May 2016 (in French).
  28. Roger Ngombé, "Assemblée nationale : le réaménagement du bureau à l’ordre du jour de la session en cours", ADIAC, 2 June 2016 (in French).
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