Acanthodoris pilosa

Acanthodoris pilosa is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae. It is found in shallow water in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, its range extending from Norway to France, and also both on the eastern coast of Canada and the United States, and the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands to Morro Bay, California.[3]

Acanthodoris pilosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Nudibranchia
Suborder: Doridina
Superfamily: Onchidoridoidea
Family: Onchidorididae
Genus: Acanthodoris
Species:
A. pilosa
Binomial name
Acanthodoris pilosa
Abildgaard in O. F. Müller, 1789[1][2]
Synonyms
  • Acanthodoris citrina (Verrill, 1879)
  • Acanthodoris ornata (Verrill, 1879)
  • Acanthodoris pilosa pilosa (Abildgaard, 1789)
  • Acanthodoris quadrangulata (Alder & Hancock)
  • Doris bifida (Verrill, 1870)
  • Doris flemingii (Forbes, 1838)
  • Doris laevis (Müller, 1776)
  • Doris nigricans (Fleming, 1828)
  • Doris quadrangulata (Jeffreys, 1869)
  • Doris rocinela (Leach in Gray, 1852)
  • Doris similis (Alder & Hancock, 1842)
  • Doris stellata (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Doris sublaevis (Thompson, 1840)
  • Doris subquadrata (Alder & Hancock, 1845)
  • Doris vocinella (Leach, 1847)

Description

Acanthadoris pilosa grows to a length of about 3 cm (1.2 in), or occasionally as much as 7 cm (2.8 in).[4] It gives the impression of being fluffy because the body is covered with long, fleshy pointed papillae. At the head end are two rhinophores, much larger than the papillae, which house the sensory organs; these typically are bent towards the rear of the animal. At the posterior end there is a distinctive ring of up to nine gills. This sea slug has a uniform colour which may be anything from whitish to pale purplish-brown to darker brown or charcoal grey. Juveniles are often speckled.[4]

Distribution

This species was first described from Norway. It has been reported from the North Atlantic Ocean on both the American and European coasts, and from the Pacific Northwest.[5][3] Specimens from Cobscook Bay, Washington County, Maine and Murles Point, County Donegal, Ireland have been sequenced for the 16S ribosomal RNA, Histone H3 and CO1 genes.[6][7] It is common all round the British Isles in the shallow subtidal zone, at depths down to about 80 m (262 ft).[4]

Reports of this species from Japan[8] must be considered doubtful in the light of recent molecular phylogeny results which show that at least some of the animals from the North Pacific are Acanthodoris atrogriseata.[6]

Ecology

This nudibranch is found on rocks and other hard substrates and feeds on encrusting bryozoans.[3]

gollark: Worrying.
gollark: Breathing, then?
gollark: There is some specialization by area.
gollark: I'm pretty sure that at the very least stuff like heart control and breathing is *not* just running time-shared on the same physical neurons as everything else.
gollark: Well, brains aren't entirely sequential, and as far as I know I don't have to switch between walking and thinking and such at all.

References
  1. Abildgaard, Petrus Christianus. (1789) [In]: O. F. Muller. Zoologia Danica, etc., Vol. 39(3): 1–71, pls. 81–120.
  2. Muller, O. F. (1789). Zoologica Danica sev animalium Daniae et Norvegiae rariorum ac minus rotorum descriptiones et historia, ed. 3, vol. 3: 1–71, pls 81–120.
  3. Rudman, W.B., 1999 (August 22) Acanthodoris pilosa (Abildgaard in Muller, 1789). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
  4. "Acanthodoris pilosa". MarLIN. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  5. Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. (2015). Acanthodoris pilosa (Abildgaard in O F Müller, 1789). [In] Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland. Accessed on 2016-1-13
  6. Hallas, JM and Gosliner, TM. (2015) Family Matters: the first molecular phylogeny of the Onchidorididae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 88: 16–27.
  7. Hallas, J.M., Simison, W.B. & Gosliner, T.M. (2016) Dating and biogeographical patterns in the sea slug genus Acanthodoris Gray, 1850 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 97: 19–31.
  8. Baba, K. (1935) The fauna of Akkeshi Bay. I. Opisthobranchia. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University, series 6, Zoology 4(3):115–125, pls. 7–8; page 119, pl. 7, figs 8–10.
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