Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (Arabic: عبد الله بن محمد بن الحنفية) (d. 98 AH; c. 716 CE),[1] also known as Abu Hashim was a member of the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca. He was one of the Salaf and a Narrator of hadith. After Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya died, his son Abu Hashim claimed the imamate. According to medieval mystic Jami, Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (died c. 716) was the first person to be called a "Sufi".
Life
After Abu Hashim's death, the Abbasids claimed that on his deathbed Abu Hashim had nominated his distant cousin Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas ibn Abdu'l-Muttalib ibn Hashim as the imam. His son Abu'l-Abbas Abdullah as-Saffah became the first Abbasid caliph, repudiating Shi'ism, which effectively extinguished the sect that had recognized Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah as an imam.[2]
Abu Hashim's father was Muhammad ibn al Hanafiyyah ibn Ali, a son of Ali. Abu Hashim had a brother named Hasan.
After his father's death in 700 CE, the Hashimiyya sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia looked to Abu Hashim as the heir of his grandfather Ali. After his own death, the early Abbasids claimed that Abu Hashim had designated Muhammad, father of the first two Abbasid caliphs, As-Saffah and Al-Mansur, as his heir and head of the clan of the Banu Hashim.
According to the Sunnis, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani graded the two sons of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah to be weak in Hadith, arguing that one was a murji'i, and the other to be a Shi'ite.[3]
On the other hand, Ibn Sa'd stated that "Abu Hashim has knowledge and transmission. He was reliable in Hadith, and had narrated a few accepted hadiths."[4]
His ancestors and family tree
| Quraysh tribe (detailed tree) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waqida bint Amr | Abd Manaf ibn Qusai | Ātikah bint Murrah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf | ‘Abd Shams | Barra | Hala | Muṭṭalib ibn Abd Manaf | Hashim | Salma bint Amr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Umayya ibn Abd Shams | ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Harb | Abū al-ʿĀs | ʿĀminah | ʿAbdallāh | Hamza | Abī Ṭālib | Az-Zubayr | al-ʿAbbās | Abū Lahab | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ʾAbī Sufyān ibn Harb | al-Ḥakam | ʿUthmān | ʿAffān | MUHAMMAD (Family tree) | Khadija bint Khuwaylid | ʿAlī (Family tree) | Khawlah bint Ja'far | ʿAbd Allāh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muʿāwiyah I | Marwān I | ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān | Ruqayyah | Fatimah | Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah | ʿAli ibn ʿAbdallāh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sufyanids | Marwanids | al-Ḥasan | al-Ḥusayn (Family tree) | Abu Hashim (Imām of al-Mukhtār and Hashimiyya) | Muhammad "al-Imām" (Abbasids) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ibrāhim "al-Imām" | al-Saffāḥ | al-Mansur | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- Shaban, M.A., The 'Abbāsid Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 139. ISBN 978-0521295345
- Momen, Moojan (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam. Oxford, U.K.: George Ronald. pp. 47–48.
- Tahdhib al-Tahdhib
- The Book of the Major Classes
Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah of the Ahl al-Bayt Clan of the Banu Quraish Born: ≈ ? CE Died: ≈ ? CE | ||
| Shia Islam titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah ibn Ali ibn Abu Taleb Fourth Imām of Kaysanites |
Abu Hashim ʿAbd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah Fifth Imām of Hashimiyya Shi'a ?–? |
Succeeded by Muhammad "al-Imām" ibn Ali ibn ′Abd Allah ibn al-′Abbas Sixth Imām of Hashimiyya (The founder of Abbasid Dynasty) |